Date post: | 16-Jun-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | internetycapitalsocial |
View: | 104 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach from Chilean
isolated villages case studies.
Research funded by the Fondo de Desarrollo de Ciencia y Tecnología (FONDECYT) n.1120866 del Gobierno de Chile.
José Ignacio Porras
CISPO – Universidad de los Lagos
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
The research aims to analyze the effect of different frequency and uses of Internet in the individual social
capital of people living in critical isolated villages.
Make a contribution to the knowledge about
the social impact of Internet in the
Chilean Society.
Explore theoretical relationship
between Social Capital and
Internet
Advice policy makers to renew
strategies for integration of
isolated villages.
It´s assumes the notion of social capital supported by Nan Lin. This author places the roots of social capital in the interaction between individuals and the resources
actually or potentially available. Thus, the concept of social capital is treated as investment in social relations with expectations of access to resources (Lin, 1999)
Social Capital Concept from Social Network Theory
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Internet and Social Capital Literature
Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or
Supplement Social Capital?
Does the Internet strengthens or
weakness social ties?
What is the role of Internet as a plataform
of civic engagement and collective action?
• H1. High frequency and social use of Internet modifies the pattern of relationships among persons who lives in critical isolated villages diversifying social networks and, therefore, extending opportunities for the access and the mobilization of resources.
• H2.- High-frequency and social users of Internet who live in critical isolated villages contribute to the communitarian social capital extending and diversifying social structure and, therefore, make a more favorable situation to collective action process.
• H3.- High frequency and social users of Internet who live in critical isolated villages contributes to strength communitarian identity moving beyond geographical constrains.
Hypotheses
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Method Research
Villages
Rio Ibáñez
Lago Verde
Tortel
Villa O´Higgins
Case Studies
Villages
Maria Pinto
San Pedro
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
CriticalIsolated
Conditions
HighIsolated
Conditions
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
The Aysen Region
The third largest region in Chile (108.494,4 km²), it is the most sparsely populated region with a population of 105,000. The population density is 0,85 inhabitants per km ². (93,51 hab/km² - Spain)
Being the last region to be joined to Chile, an european setlement, promoted by the Chilean government, started at the beginning of XX century. Coyhaique, the regional capital, was founded in 1929.
Road access to Aysen region from the rest of Chile is provided by the Carretera Austral. It was started in 1976 and finished in 2003.
During the last 5 years, the Chilean government has subsidized a high quality access to Internet in Aysen.
Key Informants Qualitative Interviews
Survey
Social Networks
Interviews and Focus Groups
2012 2013
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Researchers
•José Ignacio Porras, Cientista Político (Investigador Responsable)•John W. Durston, Antropólogo•Rubén Pino, Sociólogo
•Miguel Pérez Bade, Cientista Político•Erika Silva Urbano, Educadora•Catalina Careaga, Antropóloga
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
www.internetycapitalsocial.cl
Events
Preliminar Seminar
Regional and Local Workshops
Ending Seminar
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
PreliminaryFindings
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Survey Design: 38 core questions + 5 social characterization questions
Sample for quotas: 623 cases (4 villages in Aysen adn 2 villages in control group. People aged over 14 living in selected villages and Internet users (at least once per week).
The implementation of the survey was face to face.
Period: november 2012
Survey
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Sociodemographics Variables
44.8
55,2
Men Women
Gender
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Menos de 15 años
Entre 15 y 29 años*
Entre 30 y 50*
Más de 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.8
43.1
50.2
5.9
Aged
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Estudia* Trabaja* Estudia y trabaja*
Dueña de casa* Jubilado Desocupado o cesante
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
7.7
77.2
2.1
10.4
02.7
Occupation
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Hogar Trabajo Lugar de estudio Cibercafes Telecentros Celular Otro0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
79.90%
37.40%
2.50% 1.80% 5.10%
15.00%
1.20%
Main Internet Access Point
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Frequency Use of Internet
Menos d
e 1 ve
z a la
semana
1 ó 2 vece
s a la
semana
De 3 a 6 días p
or sem
ana
Todos lo
s días
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2.9
18.9 17.9
60.4
Nada o Muy Poco Bastante o Siempre
1- 2 times a week
3 – 4 times a week
4- 6 timesa week Everyday
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Nada o muy poco Siempre o bastante
Types of Use
General UserUso General
Social User n.1Uso Social 1
Social User n.2Uso Social 2
No specific purposes
Highest frequency: To be connected with nuclear and exted family as well
as friends .
52,7%vs 47,3%
Higuest frequency: To search new relationships
67,6%vs 32,4%
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
How Internet contributes to overcome the isolation perception?
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
17.10%
8.10%
17.30%
3.50%
11.80%6.00%
51.30%
40.00%
48.80%
36.90%40.90% 42.20%
31.60%
51.90%
34.00%
59.60%
47.30%51.70%
Nada o Muy Poco Medianamente Mucho o Completamente
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Expansion and diversification of social network
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
In the last three years, the persons that you consider to be friend…..?
Uso General - Nada o muy poco
Uso General - Siempre y bastante
Uso Social 1- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 1- Siempre o bastante
Uso Social 2- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 2 - Siempre o bastante
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
6.90% 6.70% 7.70%6.00%
7.70%4.60%
58.40%
54.30%
59.90%
50.60%
58.50%
49.00%
34.70%
39.00%
32.40%
43.40%
33.80%
46.40%
Ha disminuido Se ha mantenido Ha aumentado
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
In the last three years, the persons that you have know outside of your village…
Uso General- N
ada o muy poco
Uso General- S
iempre o bastante
Uso Socia
l 1- N
ada o muy poco
Uso Socia
l 1- S
iempre o bastante
Uso Socia
l 2- N
ada o muy poco
Uso Socia
l 2 - S
iempre o bastante
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
3.00% 2.90% 3.60% 2.40% 2.90% 3.30%
46.50%40.40%
47.70%
36.20%
46.60%
34.20%
50.50%56.70%
48.60%
61.40%
50.50%
62.50%
Ha disminuido Se ha mantenido Ha aumentado
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
In assessing the extent to which the use of Internet is correlated with changes in friendships ("Strong ties") and new persons known outside of the villages (“Weak ties"), it is possible to identify significant differences according to frequency and type of uses of Internet. This situation is less clear for Internet users living in high isolation conditions (control group)
• H1. High frequency of social use of Internet modifies the pattern of relationships of the persons who lives in critical isolate villages extending and diversifying social networks and, therefore, extending the opportunities for the access and the mobilization of resources.
On the other hand, low frequency use of Internet, whatever type of use, is high correlated with poor and homogeneous social network. Not only on-line, but also off-line.
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Expansion and diversification of social network
Access to secondary resources, who support me?
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
If you should have to face a serious problem (financial, health…), whom you ask for help?
Uso General- Nada o muy poco
Uso General- Siempre o bastante
Uso Social 1- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 1- Siempre o bastante
Uso Social 2- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 2 - Siempre o bastante
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
77.20% 76.80%82.20%
79.20%83.20%
74.60%
26.10%29.10%
26.50%
33.50%
27.10%
37.30%
20.70% 19.00%16.20%
24.10%
16.80%
29.40%
Familia Famia Nuclear Familia Extendida Amigos
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Uso General- Nada o muy poco
Uso General- Siempre o bastante
Uso Social 1- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 1- Siempre o bastante
Uso Social 2- Nada o muy poco
Uso Social 2 - Siempre o bastante
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
13.20% 14.20% 16.10%11.70%
14.00% 13.60%
56.60% 57.20%60.00%
54.70%
60.70%
49.40%
30.20% 28.60%23.90%
33.60%
25.20%
37.00%
Ninguno (Nadie) Al menos 1 (Alguien) Más de 2 diferentes (varios)
If you should have to face a serious problem (financial, health,…), how many persons would provide you help?
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Uso General- N
ada o muy poco
Uso General- S
iempre o bastante
Uso Socia
l 1- N
ada o muy poco
Uso Socia
l 1- S
iempre o bastante
Uso Socia
l 2- N
ada o muy poco
Uso Socia
l 2 - S
iempre o bastante
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
78.30%
67.00%74.60%
65.00%73.20%
60.90%
21.70%
33.00%25.40%
35.00%26.80%
39.10%
No tiene 1 o más
How many of these persons live outside of your villages and you are frequently connected with them by Internet?
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Some significant differences can be appreciated in terms of number of sources of Social Capital. When increases frequency and social use of Internet, the sources of Social Capital tend to be extend and diversified beyond territorial constrains of the villages.
No matters frequency or type of Internet use. A nuclear family appears as the principal source of support. In a second place it is the extend family and friends. The nuclear family appears mentioned as first sources of support in high isolated villages (control group), but it increases the importance of other sources of social capital.
H1. High frequency of social use of Internet modifies the pattern of relationships of the persons who lives in critical isolate villages extending and diversifying social networks and, therefore, extending the opportunities for the access and the mobilization of resources.
Access to secondary resources or who support me?
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
From Individual Social Capital to Communitarian Social Capital
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
80.00%74.70%
79.30%72.30%
76.30% 74.30%
9.50%13.80%
10.10%15.00% 12.60% 12.50%10.50% 11.40% 10.60% 12.60% 11.00%
13.20%
Nunca o Muy rara vez A veces Diariamente o frecuentemente
How many times you move outside of your village?
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Se ha mantenido -Nunca o Pocas Veces
Se ha mantenido -Siempre o muchas
veces
Ha aumentado -Nunca Ha aumentado -Siempre o algunas
veces
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
13.60%
6.50%11.30%
4.50%
62.10%
19.60%
54.70%
17.30%
24.30%
73.90%
34.00%
78.20%
Se comunica poco o nada Se comunica a veces Se comunica bastante o siempre
How many times you meet with people of your villages?. (According to increase or preserve new social ties in Internet. )
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
Some preliminar findings support a new conjeture: the emergence of a new form of brokerage in critical isolated villages by those people who extend and diversified social capital in nternet.
Under conditions of high density of social structure inside of the critical isolated villages and the homogenity of resources mobilized in, there is a favorable situation for the transference of the extend and diversified individual social capital beyond of territorial constrains.
H2.- High-frequency and social users of Internet who live in critical isolated villages contribute to the communitarian social capital extending and diversifying social structure and, therefore, make a more favorable situation to collective action.
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
February 2012, social mobilization in Aysen
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
In sum up
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
High-frequency and social use of Internet provides chances to increase social networks and, therefore, resources. Under high level isolated living conditions it can suppose, as much, a supplement of previous social capital. But under critical isolations living conditions it makes a significant difference as a result of breaking social enclosure in terms of high density of social structure and homogeneity of resources mobilized it.
Conclusions.
Individual Social Capital
New alternative routes for communitarian development are also opened by the high-frequency and social users of Internet. They emerge as a new kind of brokerage
in the village supplement traditional ones.
Communitarian Social Capital
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach
José Ignacio Porras MartínezProfesor-InvestigadorCentro de Investigación Sociedad y Políticas Públicas (CISPO)Universidad de los Lagos – Campus Republica, Santiago-Correo: [email protected]
Internet and Social Capital. A preliminary approach