ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

TEAM MEMBERS:

NAMES ROLL #s:1) Nayyer Mahmood Shah CE09-10M492) Rehan Khan CE09-10M233) Rehan Ashraf PG09-10M034) Kashif Yasin CE09-10M015) Saif Ullah Saleem PG09-10M01

Definition of Environment:

It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment. It studies of the sources, reactions, transport, effect and fate of physical a biological species in the air, water and soil and the effect of from human activity upon these.

Scope of Environmental Science:

Studying the interrelationship between the components of environment.

Carrying out impact analysis and environment Audit.

Preventing pollution from existing and new industries.

Stopping the use of biological and nuclear weapons

Managing unpredictable disasters etc.

The environment consists of four segments as under:

1. Atmosphere: The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth:

(a) It sustains life on the earth.(b) It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space.(c) It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space

and amajor portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun.

(d) It transmits only here ultraviolet, visible, near infrared radiation (300 to 2500 nm) and radio waves. (0.14 to 40 m) while filtering out tissue-damaging ultra violate waves below about 300 nm.

2. Hydrosphere:

The Hydrosphere comprises all types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reserviour, polar icecaps, glaciers, and ground water.

(i) Nature 97% of the earth’s water supply is in the oceans,(ii) About 2% of the water resources is locked in the polar

icecaps and glaciers.(iii) Only about 1% is available as fresh surface water-rivers,

lakes streams, and ground water fit to be used for human consumption and other uses.

3. Lithosphere:

Lithosphere is the outer mantle of the solid earth. It consists of minerals occurring in the earth’s crusts and the soil e.g. minerals, organic matter, air and water.

4. Biosphere:

Biosphere indicates the realm of living organisms and their interactions with environment, viz atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

Goals:

The goal must be to reduce the environmental impact in every phase of the life cycle. To reach this goal, appropriate methods for evaluating and improving the environmental performance must be taken into use.This means that the holistic perspective must be taken into consideration when an industry wants to improve its environmental performance. A company’s environmental performance is not only a measure of the impacts caused by the production processes, it is also a total measure of preventing and resolving environmental problems and identifying eco friendly technologies and policies.

Need of Environment Management:

1.  To Overcome the Crisis of Environment and Ecology.2. For the Proper use of Resources.3. For a New Attitude Towards Economic Needs and Values.4. To Determine the Dividing Line Between Development

and Environment.5. For Sustainable Development Path.6. For the Management of Living and Non-living

Components.

Environment Sustainability :

Sustainability:

Sustainability is the capacity to endure. In ecology the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time.Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment.  Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.

Environment Sustainability :

Environmental sustainability involves making decisions and taking action that are in the interests of protecting the natural world, with particular emphasis on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life. It is an important topic at the present time, as people are realizing the full impact that businesses and individuals can have on the environment.

Environmental sustainability is about making responsible decisions that will reduce your business' negative impact on the environment. It is not simply about reducing the amount of waste you produce or using less energy, but is concerned with developing processes that will lead to businesses becoming completely sustainable in the future.

Environment Management Tools :

As with all management functions, effective management tools, standards and systems are required, some of the listed below:

The Green Dragon Environmental Management Standard is a five level EMS designed for smaller organizations for whom ISO 14001 may be too onerous and for larger organizations who wish to implement ISO 14001 in a more manageable step-by-step approach.

BS 8555 is a phased standard that can help smaller companies move to ISO 14001 in six manageable steps.

The Natural Step focuses on basic sustainability criteria and helps focus engineering on reducing use of materials or energy use that is unsustainable in the long term.

Natural Capitalism advises using accounting reform and a general biomimicry and industrial ecology approach to do the same thing.

US Environmental Protection Agency has many further terms and standards that it defines as appropriate to large-scale EMS.

The UN and World Bank has encouraged adopting a "natural capital" measurement and management framework.

The European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).

Stakeholders:

1. Public Sector:

The public sector comprises the general government sector plus all public corporations including the central bank. In environmental resource management the public sector is responsible for administering natural resource management and implementing environmental protection legislation. The traditional role of the public sector in environmental resource management is to provide professional judgment through skilled technicians on behalf of the public

2. Private Sector:

The private sector comprises private corporations and non-profit institutions serving households. The private sector's traditional role in environmental resource management is that of the recovers of natural resources. Such private sector recovery groups include mining (minerals and petroleum), forestry and fishery organizations.

3. Civil Sector:

Civil society comprises associations in which societies voluntarily organize themselves into and which represent a wide range of interests and ties. These can include community-based organizations, indigenous peoples' organizations and non-government organizations (NGO). Functioning through strong public pressure, civil society can exercise their legal rights against the implementation of resource management plans, particularly land management plans.

Participants of Environment Management:

Existing Users:

This category refers to those who currently land or other resources and those using the environment or resources usually evolve rights and develop management skills. However, problems arise where unwritten traditional strategies and rights break down, typically, by incoming migrants and settlers, urban elites or powerful commercial organizations.

Groups Seeking Change:

This category consists of governments (with conflicting demands from various ministries or policy makers), commerce (local, national and international companies), individuals seeking personnel gain or seeking to change the prevailing situation, international agencies, NGO’s, media, academies etc.It is probably the exception to the rule for special interest groups not to control policy making and development , although a few do so with the aim of improving environmental care.

Groups with little control:

This group consists of the poor with no option but to overexpoilt what is available without investing in improvement; refugees, migrants, relocates, ecoreguees (those who are forced to move so that they change the environment to survive), workers in industries.

The Public:

People, who are affected as bystanders, may wish to develop, conserve or change practices and those out of global concerns form part of this category. The public usually consists of more than one group of people who probably have different, perhaps conflicting, views and goals with powerful groups dominating the situation. Environmental managers must, therefore, establish the needs of the weak and ensure that they are not ignored.

Advantages of the public:

Advantages of public involvement in environment are as following:

The public may be able to provide advice on managemnet considering local conditions:

Often planning and management should be more accountable and more careful

Fears and opposition to management may be reduced, if people are informed

The communication gap between the experts and locals can be reduced

Facilitators:

This category consists of funding agencies, consultants, planners, workers including migrants affected by health and safety issues etc.Funding bodies can support environmentally desirable developments or with hold money until proposals are modified to meet required standards. Starting with the World Bank in early 1970’s, most funding bodies have developed environmental management units, guidelines and manuals.

Controllers:

This category consists of government and international agencies, traditional rulers and religions, planners, law consumer protection bodies and NGO’s, media, and most importantly environmental managers.

THE END

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