The contribution of sustainable transport to the post 2015 development framework and
global climate change mitigation
Cornie Huizenga, Joint Convener Partnership on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport
International Symposium on Sustainable Cities:Empowering Local Governments through Capacity
Building and Knowledge Sharing26-28 September 2013
Inchon, Korea
04/21/23 2
SLoCaT partnershipPart 1
The SLoCaT PartnershipIntegrate Sustainable Transport in Global Policies on
Sustainable Development and Climate Change 80+ Members: International Organizations – Government –
Development Banks – NGOs – Private Sector - AcademeAfrican Development Bank (AfDB) *African Transport Policy Program (SSATP) *Alliance to Save Energy *Asian Development Bank (ADB) *Believe Sustainability *CAF-Development Bank of Latin America * Cambridge Systematics * Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) * Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT), Ahmedabad *Center for Science and Environment (CSE) *Center for Sustainable Transport (CTS) Mexico * Center for Transportation and Logistics Studies (PUSTRAL), Gadjah Mada University * China Urban Transport Research Centre (CUSTReC) * Civic Exchange (CE) *Clean Air Asia (CAI-Asia)* Clean Air Institute (CAI) *Climate Focus *CODATU * Despacio *Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) * Dutch Cycling Embassy * Ecofys * EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport * Energy Research Center Netherlands (ECN) * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) * European Cyclists' Federation (ECF) * European Institute for Sustainable Transport (EURIST)* First African Bicycle Information (FABIO) *Fia Foundation *Fraunhofer- Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI)* Global Environmental Facility (GEF) * Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) * Global Urban Development (GUD) * Health Bridge * HSBC * Innovation for Center for Energy and Transportation (iCET) *International Council Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) *Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) * Institute of Urban Transport India (IUTI)* Institute for Transport Policy Studies (ITPS)* Institute for Transport and Development Policy (ITDP) * Institute of Transport Studies (ITS), University of California, Davis * Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) * International Association for Public Transport (UITP) * International Energy Agency (IEA) * International Road Assessment Program (iRAP) *International Road Federation (IRF)* International Transport Forum (ITF) * International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) * International Union of Railways (UIC) * Korean Transport Institute (KOTI) * Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism, Japan (MLIT) *Mobility Magazine * National Center for Transportation Studies (NCTS), Philippines * Rockefeller Foundation * Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers (SIAM) * Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) *Sustainable Transport Africa *Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (TUSROC) * The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) * Transport and Environment (T+E) * Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) * United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD) * United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) * United Nations Development Program (UNDP) * United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) * United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) * United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL) * United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) * United Nations Human Settlement Program (UN-HABITAT)* University College of London, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering * University of Transport and Communication (UTCC) Hanoi * University of Twente/ITC-Department of Urban and Regional Planning (UTC) * VEOLIA Transport * Victoria Transport Policy Institute * Volvo Research and Education Foundations (VREF) *Walk 21 *World Bank * World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) * World Street * Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy * WWF International
“The SLoCaT network is a model for other action networks because of its strategic vision and leadership that resulted in the major commitments on sustainable transportation at Rio+20” – NRDC 2013 review of Rio+20 Voluntary Commitments
04/21/23 404/21/23 4
SLoCaT’s Role in Promoting Sustainable Low Carbon Transport
Universal Access to Clean, Safe and Affordable Transport
Universal Access to Clean, Safe and Affordable Transport
Sustainable Transport Policy
Sustainable Transport Policy
Sustainable Transport Finance
Sustainable Transport Finance
Sustainable Transport Programs and ProjectsSustainable Transport Programs and Projects
Sustainable Development Policy Processes:
SG Post 2015 Global Development AgendaRio+20 Follow-up (SDGs)
Sustainable Development Policy Processes:
SG Post 2015 Global Development AgendaRio+20 Follow-up (SDGs)
Climate Change Policy Processes:
•Implementation AWG-LCA•AWG-ADP (Durban Platform)•GEF 6
Climate Change Policy Processes:
•Implementation AWG-LCA•AWG-ADP (Durban Platform)•GEF 6
Regional EST Forums:
•Asia•Africa•Latin America
Regional EST Forums:
•Asia•Africa•Latin America
SLoCaT MembersSLoCaT Members
SLoCaTSLoCaT
04/21/23 5
Problem settingPart 2
Continued Rapid Motorization
By 2015 Non-OECD will overtake OECD in vehicle marketChina, now already the largest vehicle market
By 2015 Non-OECD will overtake OECD in vehicle marketChina, now already the largest vehicle market
Don’t overlook freight
Freight OECD 2010-2050Freight OECD 2010-2050 Freight non-OECD 2010-2050Freight non-OECD 2010-2050
Urban Access
Over 50% of urban trips in many of the African cities are on foot
Farm/household Wider marketsPrimary market
1st Mile
Rural Access
• Rural road transport in Africa costs 3 to 5 times more than main road transport
• Only one in three rural Africans has access to an all-season road. Those facing more than eight hours of travel to an urban center are effectively trapped in subsistence agriculture
04/21/23 1004/21/23 10
Air Pollution – Particulate Matter
Globally: 3.2 million premature deaths and over 74 million years of healthy life lost
Globally: 3.2 million premature deaths and over 74 million years of healthy life lost
Asia: 2.1 million premature deaths and 52 million years of healthy life lost
Asia: 2.1 million premature deaths and 52 million years of healthy life lost
2010 Global Burden of Disease, the Lancet 2013
04/21/23 11
1990 → 2010: 10% increase in global population-weighted PM2.5
1990 → 2010: 50% increase in China population-weighted PM2.5
Estimated population-weighted ambient air Estimated population-weighted ambient air pollution levels - PMpollution levels - PM2.52.5
Climate Change
• Transport sector to contribute 21% of emission reduction to ensure 2 DGS by 2050
04/21/23 13
Climate Change: Black Carbon
• UNEP/ WMO Joint assessment: “We estimate that black carbon…is the second most important human emission in terms of its climate-forcing in the present-day atmosphere”
• 16 measures could reduce global warming by 0.5oC (0.2-0.7oC) in 2050, if implemented by 2030 (Diesel clean-up among the key measures)
• Complementary, annual health and crop benefits:
– 2.4 million premature deaths (0.7-4.6 million) avoided; and
– Avoided loss of 52 million tonnes (30-140 million) of maize, rice, wheat and soybean
Diesel Exhaust Contains a Mix of Pollutants: Soot particles (PM), metals, smog-forming gases, carcinogens and many other chemicals - 75% of Diesel PM is black carbon
Road Safety
• 1.3 million deaths per year, 20-50 million injuries• 8th leading cause of death, 5th in 2030 unless effective action is taken• Economic cost $ 2,240 billion, 3% of annual GDP
• 1.3 million deaths per year, 20-50 million injuries• 8th leading cause of death, 5th in 2030 unless effective action is taken• Economic cost $ 2,240 billion, 3% of annual GDP
04/21/23 1504/21/23 15
Congestion
Cost of congestion in USA estimated at $ 104 billion
annually
Cost of congestion in USA estimated at $ 104 billion
annually
Congestion rapidly becoming worse in developing world!
Congestion rapidly becoming worse in developing world!
04/21/23 16
SolutionsPart 3
04/21/23 1704/21/23 17
Paradigm shift on development of Transport
Predict and ProvideBuild Roads to
promote economic and social development
Predict and ProvideBuild Roads to
promote economic and social development
Road safety
1.3 million deaths
Road safety
1.3 million deaths
Air Pollution3 million deaths
(large part transport)
Air Pollution3 million deaths
(large part transport)
Climate change – transport GHG fast growing
Climate change – transport GHG fast growing
Access not inclusive – large groups no access(urban and rural)
Access not inclusive – large groups no access(urban and rural)
Negative externalities of old paradigm:6-10% of GDP
CongestionCongestion
Access: (Avoid + Shift + Improve)Access: (Avoid + Shift + Improve)
Expand/Improve Transport
infrastructure and services
Expand/Improve Transport
infrastructure and services
Avoid unnecessary motorized transport
Avoid unnecessary motorized transport
Shift Transport to most effective
mode (people and goods)
Shift Transport to most effective
mode (people and goods)
Improve environmental performance
transport
Improve environmental performance
transport
: + +
ThenThen
NowNow
Travel Demand Management
• Vehicle quota’s in Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou• Congestion charging in Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan• Vehicle quota’s in Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou• Congestion charging in Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan
04/21/23 1904/21/23 19
Bus Rapid Transit
04/21/23 2004/21/23 20
Public Bike Schemes
China: 119 Bike sharing Programs in 100+ cities with 500,000+ bicycles
Wuhan – largest in the world – 94,000 bikes
China: 119 Bike sharing Programs in 100+ cities with 500,000+ bicycles
Wuhan – largest in the world – 94,000 bikes
04/21/23 2104/21/23 21
Fuel Economy
04/21/23 2204/21/23 22
Electric Vehicles
Electric 2-wheelers now- China, Asia
Electric 2-wheelers now- China, Asia
Electric 4-wheelers later, no global leader
Electric 4-wheelers later, no global leader
04/21/23 2304/21/23 23
Integrated Approach
Improving Access(Infrastructure +
services for all modes) through Avoid-Shift-
Imrove
Improving Access(Infrastructure +
services for all modes) through Avoid-Shift-
ImroveReduce air pollution
Reduce air pollution
Improve road safety
Improve road safety
Lessen congestion
Lessen congestion
Emit fewer GHGs
Emit fewer GHGs
Is cheaperIs cheaper
IEA: A-S-I based approach can save $50 Trillion by 2050 because of
reduced vehicle/fuel cost – infrastructure – operating costs
IEA: A-S-I based approach can save $50 Trillion by 2050 because of
reduced vehicle/fuel cost – infrastructure – operating costs
04/21/23 24
Transport and sustainable development
Part 4
Achieve Universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other dieseases
Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Improve Maternal Health
Reduce Child Mortality
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Transport and the Millennium Development Goals
Transport
Passenger
Freight
04/21/23 26
Transport@Rio+20
Sustainable transport integrated in the outcome document: “transport and mobility are central to sustainable development”
15 voluntary commitments on knowledge, capacity, policy and financing: $ 175,000,000,0000
Bike ride in support of sustainable, low carbon transport. June 8, 2012
Secretary General
Ban Ki-Moon
Action Agenda 2012 - 2017
Post 2015 Sustainable
Development Framework
Food & Nutrition Water Oceans Transport AntarticaEnergy
Convening Mechanism Sustainable Transport
TWG on SG action plan on sustainable
transport
Road Map for Sustainable Transport and Post 2015 development agenda
26 member High Level Panel on Post 2015
Development Agenda
UN Task Team on Post 2015 Agenda
Outcome document: “The
Future We Want”(Sustainable Transport)
Outcome document: “The
Future We Want”(Sustainable Transport)
30 Country UNGA Open Working Group
on SDGs
30 Country UNGA Open Working Group
on SDGs
“UN Friends Group Sustainable Transport”
“UN Friends Group Sustainable Transport”
Ad hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action
Ad hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action
Post 2020 Climate Change Regime
Post 2020 Climate Change Regime
04/21/23 28
Key Processes on Sustainable Transport
and Sustainable Development
Key Processes on Sustainable Transport
and Sustainable Development
11
22
3344
11
22
33
44
High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on Post-2015 Development Agenda
High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on Post-2015 Development Agenda
Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals
Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals
Friends of Sustainable TransportFriends of Sustainable Transport
High Level Group on Sustainable Transport
High Level Group on Sustainable Transport
5555 Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum
Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum
SLoCaT Submission to Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals
Universal Access to Safe, Clean and Affordable Transport for All
Universal Access to Safe, Clean and Affordable Transport for All
Urban households are able to access jobs, goods and services within 30 minutes by public transport and/or walking and cycling and rural households have access to all weather roads;
Urban households are able to access jobs, goods and services within 30 minutes by public transport and/or walking and cycling and rural households have access to all weather roads;
Traffic related deaths are cut in half by 2025 with an ultimate vision of near zero fatalities;Traffic related deaths are cut in half by 2025 with an ultimate vision of near zero fatalities;
Air pollution from passenger and freight transport is halved by 2025 and GHG emissions from transport peak globally latest by 2020 with an ultimate vision of 40-60% reductions by 2050 compared to 2005 levels.
Air pollution from passenger and freight transport is halved by 2025 and GHG emissions from transport peak globally latest by 2020 with an ultimate vision of 40-60% reductions by 2050 compared to 2005 levels.
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
AccessEconomicAccessEconomic
SocialSocial
Environ-mentalEnviron-mental
How to look at transport in post 2015 context ?
Do not look at transport solely through energy
lens !
Do not look at transport solely through energy
lens !
Acknowledge and respect
institutional context of
transport sector!
Acknowledge and respect
institutional context of
transport sector!
Transport is more than
infrastructure !
Transport is more than
infrastructure !
How to optimize transport’s
unique contribution?
How to optimize transport’s
unique contribution?
Acknowledge economic (formal
and informal) importance of
transport!
Acknowledge economic (formal
and informal) importance of
transport!
Combine enabling role with reduced
negative externalities
Combine enabling role with reduced
negative externalities
Enabling Global Institutional Framework
UN Friends of
Sustainable Transport
UN Friends of
Sustainable Transport
“SG High Level Group
on Sustainable Transport”
“SG High Level Group
on Sustainable Transport”
Regional Environmen
t-ally Sustainable Transport Forums
Regional Environmen
t-ally Sustainable Transport Forums
“UN-Transport or Sustainable
Transport4ALL”
“UN-Transport or Sustainable
Transport4ALL”
Develop political momentum on sustainable transport
Develop political momentum on sustainable transport
Oriented towards scaling upOriented towards scaling up
Multi-stakeholder cooperationMulti-stakeholder cooperationSustainable Transport
Action Network
Sustainable Transport
Action Network
SLoCaT Partnership
SLoCaT Partnership
UN coherenceUN coherence
