InternationalInternational

TelecommunicatioTelecommunicationn

Union Union

Policy & Regulatory Policy & Regulatory OverviewOverview

Interconnection WorkshopInterconnection WorkshopChina, 17-19 August 2001China, 17-19 August 2001

Dr. Eun-Ju KimDr. Eun-Ju KimSenior Adviser for Asia & PacificSenior Adviser for Asia & Pacific

ITUITU

AgendaAgenda

• Paradigm shift in digital economy• What are the global trends in ICT ?

• What are the main policy, legal & regulatory issues ?• Where does China stand in global ICT sectors?

• ITU’s activities on interconnection

Paradigm shift in digital economy & Paradigm shift in digital economy & dividedivide

Shift fromShift from Industrial society;Industrial society;

Centralized control Centralized control or regulation or regulation from regulators from regulators or monopolies or monopolies in telecom; in telecom;

Significant market Significant market powers of powers of incumbents, incumbents, conglomerates & conglomerates & MNCs.MNCs.

Information society with a Information society with a knowledge-driven digital economy;knowledge-driven digital economy;

Deregulated or privatized telecom; Deregulated or privatized telecom; &&Industry-led self-regulation & Industry-led self-regulation & power of individual users’ power of individual users’ fingertips over convergence of ICT, fingertips over convergence of ICT, especially in the advent of Internet;especially in the advent of Internet;

Share the markets with micro, Share the markets with micro, small & medium-sized small & medium-sized entrepreneurs esp. in the era of entrepreneurs esp. in the era of eeBusiness or Business or eeCommerce; … andCommerce; … and

Almost ‘instant global village’ Almost ‘instant global village’ connected by various technologies connected by various technologies and services ….and services ….

to

Global trends over decadesGlobal trends over decades

Until 1970s: most state-owned or monopoly for

all functions in telecom

By 1999: some 80 countriesseparating regulatory function from policy-making

with introduction of competition at market

1980s-1990s: manyseparating operational functionby liberalization or privatization

2000 & beyondConvergence of IT or computing, broadcasting & telecom: i.e., ICT

Global calling patternsGlobal calling patterns

F2F90%

F2M5%

M2F5%

M2M0%

1993

F2F23%

F2M25%M2F

25%

M2M27%

{Source: ITU, Trends in Telecom Reform, 2000-2001}F2F: Fixed-to-Fixed; F2M; M2F; M2M: Mobile-to-Mobile

2003

Convergence in a broader scaleConvergence in a broader scale

Regulations & Institutions: to accommodate these converged

technologies & services

Technologies: computing,

telecommunications & broadcasting

Services: Internet,

IP telephony, CATV

DatacomDatacomTelecomTelecom

decentralizeddecentralizedcentralizedcentralized

routingroutingswitchingswitching

open standard/3rd party servicesopen standard/3rd party servicesinfrastructure/services are oneinfrastructure/services are one

open marketopen marketpolitical regulationpolitical regulation

time-to-markettime-to-marketlong-term planninglong-term planning

best effortbest effortpredictable QoSpredictable QoS

flat rateflat rateaccounting for billingaccounting for billing

major invest. in end equipmentmajor invest. in end equipmentmajor invest. in networkmajor invest. in network

Different Legacies in the converged ICT ..

..

Digital divide in ICT, Asia-PacificDigital divide in ICT, Asia-Pacific

51.5 per 10051.5 per 1007.4 per 10007.4 per 100047.6 per 10047.6 per 10054.6 per 10054.6 per 100

5,0885,08832.2 per 10032.2 per 100

5.3 per 1005.3 per 1001.32 per 10001.32 per 100025.1 per 10025.1 per 10017.2 per 10017.2 per 100

7487480.8 per 1000.8 per 100

Main tel. line:Public tel.Cellular mob:

TV:

Internet:- ISP (no)- Users

Haves Have-nots(1999)

{Source: ITU, Asia-Pacific Telecom Indicators, 2000}

POLICYPOLICY

..

What are the major policy trends ?

Undertake sector reform or reengineering Undertake sector reform or reengineering through liberalization or privatization;through liberalization or privatization;

Ensure fair competition or competition safeguard;Ensure fair competition or competition safeguard; Protect public interests from anti-competitive Protect public interests from anti-competitive

behaviors of industries and growing cyber-behaviors of industries and growing cyber-crimes; crimes;

Face convergence of ICTs in not mere Face convergence of ICTs in not mere technologies & services but also legislation & technologies & services but also legislation & institutions;institutions;

Aware of digital divide in ICT infrastructure & Aware of digital divide in ICT infrastructure & applications not only between countries but also applications not only between countries but also within the country.within the country.

Liberalized trends in Asia-Pacific, Liberalized trends in Asia-Pacific, 20002000

010203040506070

Loca

l

Long

Dis.

Inte

rnat

'l

Cellu

lar

MonoPartial ComCompetition

{Source: ITU, Trends in Telecom Reform, 1999 & 2000}

Increasing involvement of private sectorin the ITU activities

Source: ITU Telecommunication Regulatory Database.

Status of Incumbent operator

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1991 1993 1995 1999 2000

Private State-owned

Countries

Why liberalization or competition, Why liberalization or competition, then ?then ?

Goals Goals are for providing customers with more for providing customers with more choices of technologies & services with quality and choices of technologies & services with quality and affordable prices, but not necessary lower prices;affordable prices, but not necessary lower prices;

Effective competition policiesEffective competition policies are anticipated to are anticipated to ensure that the benefits of liberalization or ensure that the benefits of liberalization or deregulation and market-based reforms flow through deregulation and market-based reforms flow through to both industries & consumers;to both industries & consumers;

Cases Cases demonstrate faster and more growth of data demonstrate faster and more growth of data (esp., Internet) and mobile services, both areas (esp., Internet) and mobile services, both areas which have tended to be more open up to which have tended to be more open up to competition, than that of basic fixed voice services;competition, than that of basic fixed voice services;

Not merely liberalization or deregulation, Not merely liberalization or deregulation, but with minimum safeguardbut with minimum safeguard

Increasing concerns over private anti-competitive Increasing concerns over private anti-competitive practices led by liberalization or privatization;practices led by liberalization or privatization;

Some 80 countries (inc. 50 developing ones) Some 80 countries (inc. 50 developing ones) adopted competition policy including laws & other adopted competition policy including laws & other measures to promote competition in the national measures to promote competition in the national economy through dealing with price fixing, cartel economy through dealing with price fixing, cartel arrangements, abuses of a dominant position or arrangements, abuses of a dominant position or monopolization, mergers that limit competition; monopolization, mergers that limit competition;

The privacy laws, cyber law, dispute settlement over The privacy laws, cyber law, dispute settlement over domain names; and Certificate Authority began to be domain names; and Certificate Authority began to be introduced in the advent of Internet & e-commerce;introduced in the advent of Internet & e-commerce;

Developing a multilateral framework on competition Developing a multilateral framework on competition & e-commerce policy within the WTO is under the & e-commerce policy within the WTO is under the review.review.

Call for convergence of policy-makers Call for convergence of policy-makers “e-minister ?”“e-minister ?”

“The next government should appoint an e-ministerto coordinate policies

concerned withinformation technology,

telecoms,e-commerce and other aspects of

the New Economy” saidDty Commerce Minister,

G.Asvinvichit

The Nation28/08/00

The Science & Technology The Science & Technology Ministry for information Ministry for information technology;technology;

The Transport & The Transport & Communications Ministry Communications Ministry for telephone and other for telephone and other basic telecoms basic telecoms infrastructure;infrastructure;

The Commerce Ministry for The Commerce Ministry for e-commerce.e-commerce.

In case of ThailandIn case of Thailand

‘e’

LAWS & LEGISLATIONSLAWS & LEGISLATIONS

..

What are the main legal trends ? Establish new telecom or ICT legislation;Establish new telecom or ICT legislation; Modify the existing telecom laws or regulations;Modify the existing telecom laws or regulations; Harmonize or improve legal environments & Harmonize or improve legal environments &

frameworks to reflect convergence & its frameworks to reflect convergence & its implications in advent of the Internet: e.g.,implications in advent of the Internet: e.g.,– Data protection/privacy, intellectual property rights;Data protection/privacy, intellectual property rights;– Security (e.g., authentication, digital signatures etc.);Security (e.g., authentication, digital signatures etc.);– Harmful & illegal content (e.g., child pornography etc.);Harmful & illegal content (e.g., child pornography etc.);– Domain names & their standardization;Domain names & their standardization;– Jurisdiction & cross-border issues; – Cybercrime (e.g., virus, fraud) etc.Cybercrime (e.g., virus, fraud) etc.

Global trends on legislative Global trends on legislative reformreform

Over 150 countries have Over 150 countries have introduced new telecom legislation introduced new telecom legislation or modified existing regulations to: or modified existing regulations to: – Introduce competition, establish Introduce competition, establish

regulatory authority, & privatize the regulatory authority, & privatize the incumbent: &/orincumbent: &/or

– Accommodate convergence of ICT: Accommodate convergence of ICT: Further changes are anticipated to Further changes are anticipated to

fit the new realities of convergence fit the new realities of convergence ………. for example, ………. for example,

Recently revised ICT legislation in Recently revised ICT legislation in Asia Asia

Countries Years Laws

1999 Telecommunications PolicyIndia2000 Information Technology Act

China 1997/8 Regulations

Telecommunications Ordinance (Rev)Hong Kong 2000Broadcasting Ordinance (Rev)Communications & Multimedia ActMalaysia 1998Communications & Multimedia Commission Act

1998 Electronic Transactions ActSingapore1999 Telecom Act1999 Corporatization LawThailandPending Frequency Bill

{Source: ITU, Asia-Pacific Telecommunication Indicators, 2000}

Examples of convergence of Examples of convergence of legislationlegislation

Pressures from the increasing convergence of Pressures from the increasing convergence of telecom, broadcasting, and computers - esp., the telecom, broadcasting, and computers - esp., the advent of Internet are reflected in: e.g., advent of Internet are reflected in: e.g., – ChinaChina: Regulations (1997/8) : Regulations (1997/8) covers radio, TV & film and

provides interim provisions for the management of computer information networks and for the security of computer networks & the Internet;

– MalaysiaMalaysia: Communications & Multimedia Act (1998) : Communications & Multimedia Act (1998) establishes a regulatory framework in support of national policy objectives for the industries;

– SingaporeSingapore: Electronic Transactions Act (1998) & : Electronic Transactions Act (1998) & Regulations (1999) Regulations (1999) enacts a commercial code to support e-commerce transactions and creates a voluntary licensing scheme for CA respectively;

Legislation on interconnectionLegislation on interconnection Japan: Basic Rules of Interconnection (1996)Japan: Basic Rules of Interconnection (1996) UK: Guidelines on Interconnection & Interoperability UK: Guidelines on Interconnection & Interoperability

(1999)(1999) CITEL: Guidelines and Practices for CITEL: Guidelines and Practices for

Interconnection Regulation (1999)Interconnection Regulation (1999) Spain: Interconnection Guidelines (1999)Spain: Interconnection Guidelines (1999) India: The Register of Interconnection Agreement India: The Register of Interconnection Agreement

Regulation (1999)Regulation (1999) New Zealand: Interconnection Contracts (2000, Rev)New Zealand: Interconnection Contracts (2000, Rev)

For more & detailed information: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D-TREG

REGULATORS & REGULATORS & REGULATIONSREGULATIONS

..

What are the main regulatory trends ?

Separate Separate regulatoryregulatory functions from policy & functions from policy & operational functions by setting up regulators;operational functions by setting up regulators;

Reform & revise roles of regulators in aspects of: Reform & revise roles of regulators in aspects of: – independence & autonomy from politics,

finance, & operation: i.e., for efficiency;– accountability of staff equipped with expertise

& enforcement power: i.e., for reliability;– transparency of regulatory procedures &

decisions: i.e., for credibility.. Revise & update more flexible & user-friendly Revise & update more flexible & user-friendly

regulatory frameworks subject to different regulatory frameworks subject to different development phases of each countrydevelopment phases of each country

Countries with Separate Regulatory Body

Global trends of regulatorsGlobal trends of regulators

Source: ITU Telecom Regulatory Database.

Status of regulators by regionsStatus of regulators by regions

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%

Arab

Asia

Euro

pe

Afric

a

Amer

ica

{Source: ITU, Trends in Telecom Reform, 1999}

Emergence of regulators in AsiaEmergence of regulators in Asia Some 90 separate regulators in the ITU Some 90 separate regulators in the ITU

member states as of 2000:e.g.,member states as of 2000:e.g., – MalaysiaMalaysia: Malaysian Communications & : Malaysian Communications &

Multimedia Commission;Multimedia Commission;– SingaporeSingapore: Infocomm Development Authority : Infocomm Development Authority

of Singapore; of Singapore; – Hong KongHong Kong: Office of Telecom Authority;: Office of Telecom Authority;– BhutanBhutan: Bhutan Telecom Authority;: Bhutan Telecom Authority;– IndiaIndia: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India;: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India;– AustraliaAustralia: Australian Communications Authority: Australian Communications Authority– Korea: Korea: Korea Communications Commission etc.Korea Communications Commission etc.

Different ways of convergence in Different ways of convergence in regulatorsregulators

Including convergent functions in the existing telecom & Including convergent functions in the existing telecom & broadcasting regulators: e.g.,broadcasting regulators: e.g.,– AustraliaAustralia: The ACA merging AUSTEL with SMA: The ACA merging AUSTEL with SMA– CanadaCanada: The CRTC for both broadcasting & telecom: The CRTC for both broadcasting & telecom

New converged regulators including telecom, New converged regulators including telecom, broadcasting &/or computing: e.g.,broadcasting &/or computing: e.g.,– MalaysiaMalaysia: The MCMC, a sole regulator, for telecom, : The MCMC, a sole regulator, for telecom,

broadcasting & computing;broadcasting & computing;– UKUK: New OFCOM will integrate regulatory functions of : New OFCOM will integrate regulatory functions of

telecom (OFTEL), broadcasting (ITC) and computing;telecom (OFTEL), broadcasting (ITC) and computing;– ChinaChina: The MII, a sole ministry, for telecom regulation : The MII, a sole ministry, for telecom regulation

and information infrastructureand information infrastructure– SingaporeSingapore: The IDA combining the TAS with ITTA: The IDA combining the TAS with ITTA

Roles for regulatorsRoles for regulators Consider needs from various consumers, first, with Consider needs from various consumers, first, with

appropriate mechanisms for representing &/or appropriate mechanisms for representing &/or protecting their interests;protecting their interests;

Ensure competition providing with level playing fields Ensure competition providing with level playing fields in liberalized & competitive markets;in liberalized & competitive markets;

Do minimum effective intervention - i.e., industry-led Do minimum effective intervention - i.e., industry-led self-regulation, when possible - with minimum self-regulation, when possible - with minimum standards for trust in the marketplace;standards for trust in the marketplace;

Be equipped with accountability, transparency, & Be equipped with accountability, transparency, & predictability in their actions and decisions to reduce predictability in their actions and decisions to reduce the cost of capital and to serve the long-term the cost of capital and to serve the long-term interests of consumers, companies and shareholders;interests of consumers, companies and shareholders;

Place timely and consistent Place timely and consistent regulatory procedures regulatory procedures & frameworks& frameworks with delivering open and effective with delivering open and effective regulation.regulation.

ManyMany

SSHHOOUULLD’D’SS

What kind of regulatory What kind of regulatory frameworks ?frameworks ?

LicensingLicensing: criteria and fees ?: criteria and fees ? Competition safeguardCompetition safeguard: prevent anti-competitive : prevent anti-competitive

practicespractices PricingPricing: return on investment or price cap ?: return on investment or price cap ? Numbering & number portabilityNumbering & number portability: within and/or : within and/or

beyond market segments ?beyond market segments ? Universal Service Access/ObligationUniversal Service Access/Obligation: scope (e.g. basic : scope (e.g. basic

telephony or beyond) and its funds (e.g, incumbent only or all) ?telephony or beyond) and its funds (e.g, incumbent only or all) ? Quality of servicesQuality of services: : waiting time, any echo, bad connection waiting time, any echo, bad connection

?? Management of scarce resourcesManagement of scarce resources: e.g., spectrum, : e.g., spectrum,

numbers etc. (e.g., first-come first-served or auction) and fees ?numbers etc. (e.g., first-come first-served or auction) and fees ? Structural & accounting separationStructural & accounting separation, , and Last but not least, Interconnection & chargesInterconnection & charges: :

commercial agreements or prescribed by regulator?commercial agreements or prescribed by regulator?

Regulation required for interconnection: Regulation required for interconnection: e.g.,e.g.,

To ensure that technical specifications of interfaces between To ensure that technical specifications of interfaces between networks and CPE for Network Servicesnetworks and CPE for Network Services must be published with must be published with sufficient notice before launch to enable other operators and sufficient notice before launch to enable other operators and equipment manufacturers to prepare. In addition, operators with equipment manufacturers to prepare. In addition, operators with interface control must provide technical specifications of proposed interface control must provide technical specifications of proposed network-network interfaces for consultation in advance of publication. network-network interfaces for consultation in advance of publication.

To ensure technical specifications of interfaces between To ensure technical specifications of interfaces between competing competing networks (network-network interfaces) for Network Servicesnetworks (network-network interfaces) for Network Services must be published with sufficient notice before launch to enable other must be published with sufficient notice before launch to enable other operators and equipment manufacturers to prepare when such operators and equipment manufacturers to prepare when such specifications are 'commonly provided'. In addition, operators with specifications are 'commonly provided'. In addition, operators with interface control must provide technical specifications of proposed interface control must provide technical specifications of proposed network-network interfaces for consultation in advance of publication. network-network interfaces for consultation in advance of publication.

To ensure an To ensure an operator with market power should ensure that other operators are able to interconnect Network Services simultaneously with the launch of a its own corresponding retail simultaneously with the launch of a its own corresponding retail service or, where there is no such retail service, when new service or, where there is no such retail service, when new functionality in the network becomes available for use.functionality in the network becomes available for use.

Licence conditions for interconnection: Licence conditions for interconnection: e.g.e.g.

Connection of networksConnection of networks: This condition includes detailed : This condition includes detailed requirements related to the rights and obligations of operators to requirements related to the rights and obligations of operators to interconnect with one another. interconnect with one another.

Essential interfacesEssential interfaces: This condition enables Regulator to specify : This condition enables Regulator to specify essential interfaces in certain circumstances. Prohibition on undue essential interfaces in certain circumstances. Prohibition on undue preference and undue discrimination. preference and undue discrimination.

Fair tradingFair trading: This condition prohibits abuse by an operator of a : This condition prohibits abuse by an operator of a dominant position and the making of anti-competitive agreements. dominant position and the making of anti-competitive agreements.

Customer interface standardsCustomer interface standards:: This condition requires This condition requires publication of the technical specification of interfaces between a publication of the technical specification of interfaces between a Network Termination Point at CPE and the Applicable Systems Network Termination Point at CPE and the Applicable Systems (customer-network interfaces). (customer-network interfaces).

Alterations to the Applicable SystemsAlterations to the Applicable Systems: This condition may be : This condition may be imposed in the licences of incumbent fixed & mobile network imposed in the licences of incumbent fixed & mobile network operators. It requires information to be provided on changes to operators. It requires information to be provided on changes to Applicable Systems and the means of access to a Relevant Service. Applicable Systems and the means of access to a Relevant Service.

Interconnection charge & Interconnection charge & principlesprinciples

Interconnection Prescribed by regulator U.K., U.S. etc.Charge Commercial agreements U.K., U.S. etc.

Set up by the incumbent GreecePricing principles Reasonable, Germany

non-discriminatory,Reasonable, Koreanon-discriminatory, Francecost-orientedReasonable, U.K.non-discriminatory,cost-orientedprice-capFair New ZealandReasonable,

{Source: ITU, Trends in Telecom Reform, 1999}

Dilemma of regulatorsDilemma of regulators

Hands-on or -offHands-on or -offin deregulated in deregulated

and/or and/or industry-led industry-led

ICT markets ?ICT markets ?

Balance between Hands-On or -Off Balance between Hands-On or -Off RegulationsRegulations

Q. Why hands-on ?Q. Why hands-on ? Provide transparent & fair Provide transparent & fair

regulatory environment regulatory environment for fair competition in for fair competition in liberalized markets; liberalized markets;

Police anti-competitive Police anti-competitive behaviors in industries;behaviors in industries;

Protect vulnerable groups Protect vulnerable groups &/or consumers, to have &/or consumers, to have access, if deployment is access, if deployment is left to market forces aloneleft to market forces alone

Ensure public interest Ensure public interest &/or national &/or national security, security, esp. from cyber-crimes.esp. from cyber-crimes.

Q. Why hands-off ?Q. Why hands-off ? Facilitate markets &/or Facilitate markets &/or

promote industries to promote industries to provide consumers with: provide consumers with:

- innovative - innovative technologies; technologies;

- quality services; - quality services; - with choices;- with choices; - at competitive prices;- at competitive prices; - in a timely manner;- in a timely manner;

- based on self-regulation - based on self-regulation or code of conducts ...or code of conducts ...

What kind of challenges still What kind of challenges still ahead ?ahead ?

How to balance traditionally regulated telecom and How to balance traditionally regulated telecom and no-regulated computing sectors in converged era ?no-regulated computing sectors in converged era ?

How to determine ways to regulate or not-to How to determine ways to regulate or not-to regulate new technologies and services (e.g., IP regulate new technologies and services (e.g., IP telephony, E-Commerce etc.) that are ever fast telephony, E-Commerce etc.) that are ever fast evolving and converging ?evolving and converging ?

How to determine the structures and roles of the How to determine the structures and roles of the regulator in converged sectors ?regulator in converged sectors ?

How to develop & execute consistent and relevant How to develop & execute consistent and relevant regulations (i.e., regulatory frameworks) which do regulations (i.e., regulatory frameworks) which do not inhibit the growth of sector, but rather not inhibit the growth of sector, but rather encourage technological innovation and market encourage technological innovation and market economy ?economy ?

How to ensure fair competition - e.g., How to ensure fair competition - e.g., how to how to implement transparent, non-discriminatory, & fair implement transparent, non-discriminatory, & fair interconnection in competitive marketsinterconnection in competitive markets ! !

ICT in CHINAICT in CHINA

..

Where does China stand in ICT ?Where does China stand in ICT ?Ranking Ranking Country E-readiness score (of 10) Country E-readiness score (of 10) 1 US 8.73 1 US 8.73 2 Australia 8.29 2 Australia 8.29 3 UK 8.10 3 UK 8.10 4 Canada 8.09 4 Canada 8.09 5 Norway 8.07 5 Norway 8.07 6 Sweden 7.98 6 Sweden 7.98 7 Singapore 7.87 7 Singapore 7.87 8 Finland 7.83 8 Finland 7.83 9 Denmark 7.70 9 Denmark 7.70 10 Netherlands 7.69 10 Netherlands 7.69 11 Switzerland 7.67 11 Switzerland 7.67 12 Germany 7.51 12 Germany 7.51 13 Hong Kong 7.4513 Hong Kong 7.45 49 China 3.3649 China 3.36

{Source}The Economist

Intelligence Unit/Pyramid Research

e-readiness rankings,

measured byteledensity,availability,

costs, literacy rates,& education

etc

Basic telecom indicators in AisaBasic telecom indicators in Aisa

{Source: ITU, Asia-Pacific Telecom Indicators, 2000}

Economy(1999)

Main Tel.(Per 100)

Cellular(per 100)

Waitingtime (Y)

Public Tel(per 1000)

China 8.58 3.42 - 2.35

India 2.66 0.19 0.9 0.37

Malaysia 20.30 13.70 0.7 7.43

Pakistan 2.22 0.21 1.5 0.21

Korea 43.79 50.03 no 12.06

ICT with a growing potential in ChinaICT with a growing potential in China ““Information & Communication Technology (ICT) is now the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) is now the

main driver of the Chinese economymain driver of the Chinese economy”, says China's Minister of ”, says China's Minister of Information Industry (MII), Wu Jichuan. Information Industry (MII), Wu Jichuan.

The sector is expected to enjoy average annual growth of 20% The sector is expected to enjoy average annual growth of 20% over the next five years. over the next five years.

The size of both the IT industry and the telecom business (fixed-The size of both the IT industry and the telecom business (fixed-line and mobile) is anticipated to double over that period.line and mobile) is anticipated to double over that period.

But, But, development of software - e.g., ICT literacy, local contents, development of software - e.g., ICT literacy, local contents, quality of services with a variety of choices by providers, quality of services with a variety of choices by providers, technologies, & services etc. - should be also enhanced to technologies, & services etc. - should be also enhanced to ensure public or consumers’ interests & boost SMEs.ensure public or consumers’ interests & boost SMEs.

Rule of games or regulatory frameworks between operators Rule of games or regulatory frameworks between operators (fixed-mobile) - i.e., fair competition esp. through (fixed-mobile) - i.e., fair competition esp. through interconnection measures - should be implemented in the interconnection measures - should be implemented in the market-led economy.market-led economy.

ITU on INTERCONNECTIONITU on INTERCONNECTION

..

ITU’s activities on interconnectionITU’s activities on interconnection Publications:Publications:

– Chairman’s Chairman’s Report of the Fourth Regulatory Colloquium: Interconnection, 1995.

– Trends in Telecommunications Reform, 2000 Conferences: Conferences:

– 4th Regulatory Colloquium on Interconnection, 1995– Development Symposium for Regulators, 2000, Development Symposium for Regulators, 2000,

concentrated on interconnectionconcentrated on interconnection Training on regulatory issues including interconnection: Training on regulatory issues including interconnection:

– e-learning modules via http://www.itu-coe.ofta.gov.hk;e-learning modules via http://www.itu-coe.ofta.gov.hk;– face-2-face training via Center of Excellency in Asia & Pacificface-2-face training via Center of Excellency in Asia & Pacific

Partnership for training in policy & regulation (inc., Partnership for training in policy & regulation (inc., interconnection) between ITU and various national & interconnection) between ITU and various national & international institutes.international institutes.

What partnerships ?What partnerships ? Virtual Training Virtual Training

CentreCentre (http:www.itu.int/VTC): (http:www.itu.int/VTC): among NetG, Tadiran, among NetG, Tadiran, Cisco, Gartner Group Cisco, Gartner Group

Global Telecom Global Telecom University/ Global University/ Global Telecom Training Telecom Training InstituteInstitute: among RCC : among RCC (Russia), Ukrainian State (Russia), Ukrainian State Academy of TelecomsAcademy of Telecoms

Management Management Development for Development for Telecom: Telecom: among AICEP (Portugal), Swiss Government; AHCIET (Spain), ICE Cost Rica, Telecom Colombia, CTC Chile, Telemig Brazil etc.

OFTA/IDA/ITU-COE OFTA/IDA/ITU-COE on-line ICT policy & regulatory training modules at (http://www.itu-coe.ofta.gov.hk): among ITU, Oftel in Hong Kong, IDA in Singapore

… … more partnerships in trainingmore partnerships in training

AICEP (Association of Portugese-speaking telecom AICEP (Association of Portugese-speaking telecom organizations);organizations);

Cable & Wireless College, UK;Cable & Wireless College, UK; ICU (Information & Communication University), KoreaICU (Information & Communication University), Korea INTELSAT;INTELSAT; Telia Academy Sweden;Telia Academy Sweden; Temic, Canada;Temic, Canada; Thunderbird Graduate School of Management, USA;Thunderbird Graduate School of Management, USA; UKTA (UK Telecom Academy), UK etc.UKTA (UK Telecom Academy), UK etc.

GlossaryGlossary ICT: Information & Communication Technology CA: Certification Authority ISP: Internet Service Provider ACA: Australian Communications Authority (Australia) AUSTEL: Australian Telecommunications Authority (Australia) SMA: Spectrum Management Agency (Australia) CRTC: Canadian Radio-television Commission (Canada) MCMC: Malaysian Communications & Multimedia Commission MII: Ministry of Information Industry (China) IDA: Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore TAS: Telecom Authority of Singapore ITTA: IT & Telecom Authority (Singapore) OFCOM: Office of Communication (UK) SME: Small & Medium sized Entrepreneurs

More information ?More information ?ITU website: ITU website: www.itu.intwww.itu.int for overall ITU activities for overall ITU activities www.itu.int/ITU-D/tregwww.itu.int/ITU-D/treg for regulatory for regulatory

& policy issues& policy issues www.itu.int/osg/sec/spu/ni/iptel/workshop/www.itu.int/osg/sec/spu/ni/iptel/workshop/

index.htmlindex.html for detailed case studies in for detailed case studies in countriescountries

ITU Publications & On-line Services:ITU Publications & On-line Services: Trends in Telecommunication Reform: Trends in Telecommunication Reform:

1999 & 20001999 & 2000ITU ITU Development Symposium for RegulatorsDevelopment Symposium for Regulators:: November 20-22, 2000, GenevaNovember 20-22, 2000, Geneva December 3-5, 2001, GenevaDecember 3-5, 2001, GenevaITU ITU World Telecommunication Policy Forum World Telecommunication Policy Forum

on IPon IP:: March 7-9, 2001, GenevaMarch 7-9, 2001, Geneva

- Contact -- Contact -

Dr.Eun-Ju Kim Dr.Eun-Ju Kim Senior Adviser for Asia Senior Adviser for Asia

& the Pacific, ITU & the Pacific, ITU eun-ju.kim@itu.inteun-ju.kim@itu.intTel) +66 2 574 8565Fax) +66 2 574 9328

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