International Undergraduates’Classroom Experiences

Mike Anderson, MELPBeth Isensee, ISSS

Kate Martin, CTL

and Implications for Practitioners

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Discuss in PairsHow do you think international students would

reply to the question:

“What are the major problems international students face during their first semester at

the U?

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Purpose of the Survey

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Background & Assumptions• First-year needs of international students are unique

• International students experience predictable acculturation stressors1

• Practices that ease the transition of international students will improve the experiences of all students (Universal Design)2

• Responsibility for supporting international students is best shared and integrated across their University experience

1. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5-34.2. Adapted from Office of Equity and Diversity, University of Minnesota. Feb. 16, 2011 at

http://ds.umn.edu/Faculty/applyingUID.html

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Survey of International Students232 undergraduate respondents

Respondents by college:Science and Engineering – 34%Liberal Arts – 28%Management – 11%Biological Sciences – 4%Continuing Education – 4%Design – 2% Education & Human Development – 2%Food, Agriculture, and Natural Sciences – 2%Medical School – < 1%Chose not to answer – 14%

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Survey of International Students

How long have you studied in the U.S.? 0-12 months – 34% 13-24 months – 19% 25-36 months – 15% More than 3 years – 18% Chose not to answer – 14%

I first came to the U as a: Freshman – 47% Transfer student – 28% Exchange student – 9% English Language Program Student – 2% Chose not to answer – 14%

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Survey of International Students Gender Female – 42%

Male – 39%Chose not to answer – 19%

What country are you from? Chose not to answer – 43%

People’s Republic of China – 17%Malaysia – 6%India, South Korea – 4% each< 4% each from countries in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, South America and the rest of Asia

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Survey Questions

What made learning difficult in your first semester?

What are the major challenges you see for international students who are adjusting to being at the U of M?

What would help international students adjust more easily during their first year?

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Challenges are related to:

• learning in a second language• lack of shared academic & classroom culture• feelings of isolation• general cultural differences outside of academics

Major Themes

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Which of the following made learning difficult in your first semester due to your English? Please check all that apply even if it was true in

only one class.Answer Count Percentage

I was not comfortable speaking in class because of myEnglish.

92 40%

There was too much reading. 81 35%

Too many examples used in class were taken from U.S.culture.

79 34%

Too much of the vocabulary was unfamiliar. 75 32%

My writing had too many grammar errors. 70 30%

I wasn’t clear about what to do during pair work or groupwork.

68 29%

Professors/instructors spoke too quickly. 65 28%

I was unfamiliar with the types of writing assignments. 52 22%

I didn’t understand other students during pair work or groupwork.

51 22%

People could not understand me when I spoke. 46 20%

The professors/instructors didn’t provide enough visualmaterial (e.g. writing or slides) while teaching.

42 18%

The directions given for writing assignments were unclear tome.

42 18%

I couldn’t understand the reading material. 37 16%

I didn't have any of these problems. 34 15%

I couldn’t understand my classmates. 29 13%

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Theme 1: Challenges of Learning in Second Language

“Sometimes [international students] are frustrated in classes because they realize they can’t communicate as well as native students. Sometimes they just simply don’t understand the material. Admitting this fact is hard. Telling the professors is even harder. So, they don’t participate…making students participate, I believe, is something that every international students fear the most in class.”

“The main problem is speaking out in class. I seriously felt goose bumps even if I scored 105 in TOEFL. It’s not about knowing English. It’s about the anxious feeling that whether what you are speaking is important enough to ask in a class and whether the professor and other students can understand.”

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Perceived lack of help“…I wanted to have printed slides of the lecture so that I can just write down what my professor said. In this case, I learn more and understand better. However, this professor didn't allow it so that now only international students but also national students had difficult time writing down stuff while listening a professor's lecture.”

Processing time“International students cannot read fast in English. (I found out it only takes my American friend an hour and a half to read and understand a chapter which takes me five or six hours.) For reading chapters, I can always spend more time, but during exams where I can't have

more time, it has been very difficult.”

Theme 1: Challenges of Learning in Second Language

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Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture

Respondents provided examples of how the U.S. educational system has unfamiliar expectations in the areas of:

• class participation• presentations• group work• professors’ teaching styles• grading systems • frequency of assignments, tests and quizzes• how to engage in their college experience

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Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture Comparing the U to your previous school

At my previous school:

59% Attendance was required.

49% There were fewer tests.

48% There was less homework.

40% Less class participation was expected.

[Go over the data.]

- What kind of new study skills, workload/time management skills might be called for?

- Of these, again, the one that was most often named as a challenge in the open-ended comments was the differences in class participation.

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Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture Comparing the U to your previous school

At my previous school:

59% Attendance was required.

49% There were fewer tests.

48% There was less homework.

40% Less class participation was expected.

During my first semester at the U:

41% I was often not familiar with types of assignments given in classes.

34% I was often not familiar with the types of tests.

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If I had questions about the material or assignments, I generally preferred to get help from:

38% The professor

28% The teaching assistant

19% Other students

1% My advisor * 3% = Other

Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture Interacting with U of M professors

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If I had questions about the material or assignments, I generally preferred to get help from:

38% The professor

28% The teaching assistant

19% Other students

1% My advisor * 3% = Other

If I had questions during class, I generally preferred to ask them:

41% Immediately after class

21% Later, during office hours

18% Later, by email

7% During class * 3% = Other

Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture Interacting with U of M professors

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Theme 2: Lack of Shared Academic & Classroom Culture

“Professors didn’t understand that international students need more time to get used to the american way of teaching.”

“Generally speaking, we tend not to voice out our opinions or query due to many reasons: such as culture (it’s rude to interrupt during lectures).”

“Examples made in class by students and professors often refer tostrictly American things - certain TV shows, series, American sports, etc, which don't make sense to international students.”

“It would help if teaching staff clearly and several times explained how to address them and when can we ask for help (whether it is okay to interrupt and ask what is unclear right away or wait till end of class.)”

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Theme 3: Feelings of Isolation

Differences in cultural background…

“A lot of people see me as an Asian before they see me as a humanbeing…International students always have this small American Dream of having a lot of American friends and being well-adjusted to American culture but the truth is, it's very hard. So I have seen many of them giving up.”

“I founds many Americans who expected everyone to be familiar with their culture and if not considered them uneducated or ignorant.While many are warm and friendly, the mindset that everyone should know about America and the hesitation to learn about other cultures was a little annoying at times.”

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Theme 3: Feelings of Isolation

“Students are scared of each other; to some Americans we are scary strangers, and to most internationals they are scary Americans who speak better English than we do.”

Exclusion“The most difficult thing for me was

getting integrated in class. It was easy for my teachers to ignore/not include me in discussions etc. I was shy and not confortable with my English, but still, in small discussion classes the teacher could include you more.”

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Theme 4: General culture differences outside of academics

Values“Sometimes international students feel

that part of US culture (especially pop culture) is aggressive and put too much stress on individualism”.

Identity“Having a large number of international students at the university does not make the campus diverse. How well international students are integrated into the rest of the campus matters more. The help seems to be always focused only on the international students and their problems, while the rest of the campus should also be involved to help them. In my opinion, studying at the U of M (continued)

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Theme 4: General culture differences outside of academics

“…forces international students to be adjusted and to change themselves to fit into the American culture. However, international students grew up in different cultural backgrounds; compromise might work, but demanding them to change and fit into American society might be asking too much, especially when students are just starting their first year.”

How the University can be supportive…

“I think Americans at the U need to be educated to be more open to people from other cultures. They need to learn to have patience and understanding for people who are not Americanized, and in fact, who don't have to be Americanized. After I realized it is okay for me to not act completely like an American, I gained confidence and started to really like my life at the U.”

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What would help international students adjust more easily during their first year?

• Create structured opportunities for integration

• Be aware of cultural background differences

• Encourage international students to utilize campus resources

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What would help?

Create structured opportunities for integration

Through socialization activities U.S. and international students could share each other’s cultures, develop friendships and build English language abilities.

Most suggested examples:• Small discussion groups• Peer to peer programs

especially with in the colleges• Study groups

“I believe help from people that have already been in shoes of freshmen could help freshmen the most because they know what being a freshman is like. So having study group (grouping in same major would be perfect) would be great like mentor system. Please select some one who cares about freshmen, not with just good grade.”

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What would help?

Be aware of cultural background differences

Respondents commented frequently on the need for professors and teaching assistants to be more aware of the specific academic challenges of international students as they adapt the to U.S. higher educational system.

“Maybe the professor could explain what is expected of oral activity in class. Because it is very different from class to class, and many students come from places where you're not expected to say anything in class.”

“I think lecturers can ask if everyone knows what they are talking about when they decide to give specific examples. Also, one day it would benice to experience an international student day.”

“…more love and interest from the teachers”

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What would help?

Many respondents pointed out the difficulty in knowing what resources were available and when to utilize the resources.

“It is important for international students to know all the organizations in school. There were a lot of times when I did not know which organization I could turn to for help or which one's I could get easily involved with.”

“Let them be aware of school resources like The Writing Center and push push push that it's free and VERY helpful.”

Encourage int’l students to utilize campus resources

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Discussion…

How do the results impact your work?

What are some immediate or short term strategies you could employ on the classroom, program, college, or university levels?

What are some long term strategies you could take on the classroom, program, college, university levels?

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