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Low-Power Embedded Solutions for IoT Sensor Nodes By Alexis Alcott Sr. Product Marketing Manager, MCU16 Division Microchip Technology Inc.
Low-Power Embedded Solutionsfor IoT Sensor Nodes
By Alexis AlcottSr. Product Marketing Manager, MCU16 Division
Microchip Technology Inc.
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Internet-Enabled Applications
IoT Sensor Node
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IoT Sensor NodesApplication Requirements
Low Power for Longest Possible Battery Life
Integrated Analog for Sensor Interface
Flexible Wireless Connection
Secure Data Transfer & Storage
Low Power MCU
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Power ModeClock Speed
Program Flow
MCU Run Power – 3 Factors
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RUNDOZEIDLE
SLEEPDEEP
SLEEP
RAMRetention
Mode
nA mAµA
Core runs at slower speed, 25%-65% saved
Core off, peripherals run75% saved
Core off, RAM onMost peripherals off
Low V Regulator Enabled, 90% Savings
Core off, RAM offReset, peripherals off
LV SLEEP
MCU Power Modes
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Frequency 32 MHz is 5 mA 8 MHz is 1.3 mA 1 MHz is 150 µA 32 kHz is 26 µA
Spans 256 Hz to 32 MHz,
under software control!
MCU Clock Speeds
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MCU Program Flow
Utilize peripherals that can operate while CPU is off (Idle) ADC Comparators UART/SPI/I2C™ PWMs Timers
Peripheral Run Mode
Idle Mode
% Saved(3)
ADC 520 µA 250 µA 52%
Comparator 340 µA 70 µA 79%
SPI 520 µA 250 µA 52%
Timers 320 µA 50 µA 84%
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Battery-Life EstimationWithout Power Modes
No Power modes Battery life 47 days
Annoying! Avg. Current 2.5 mA
www.microchip.com/batterylifeestimator
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Adopt New Modes
Sleep during sensor acquisition ADC runs in sleep
Use Idle mode when communicating to radio UART active, shut down core & Flash
Sleep during radio transmission No MCU activity required Wait to ensure transmission successful
Deep Sleep rest of time Use RTCC to wake up 1 sec. later
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Battery-Life EstimationWith Power Modes
With Power modes Battery life is 1 year
800% Increase! Current Reduced 10X Sleeping for 1 minute
increases to 2 years
Integrated Analog
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Integrated Analog Peripherals
Easy Interface to Sensors Debugged noise and communication Designer gets consistent analog performance across applications
Benefits of Integration Faster data path, reduced noise Intelligent connections inside the chip Simplify board designs, reduce board space
Lower-cost designs, faster time to market
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Without Intelligent Analog
Noise coupled from USB to ADC
ADC signal shielding increases board size
Complex routing for signals and shields
Multiple power planes for analog & digital
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With Intelligent Analog
Saved Board Area & Cost
Saved Board Area & Cost
Routing, shielding, power planes integrated & debugged in chipADC, DAC, OpAmp, USB all integrated to MCU, lowers cost & space
Design simplified, throughput increased
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PIC24 “GC” Family
16-bit Sigma-Delta ADC High dynamic range & high resolution More information (3µV) eliminates need for amplifier
12-bit ADC Ultra-high-speed data capture at 10 Msps High-speed sensors, touch, communications
10-bit DACs Analog control loops, stereo audio Stimulus or thresholds
Operational Amplifiers Analog control loops, Mic pre-amp, Signal conditioning 2.5 MHz Gain-Bandwidth, low power mode
Internal Analog Connection Switch Matrix 472-Segment LCD Driver with Voltage Boost
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Easy Prototyping – Add Your Sensor
On-Board Sensors Light Temperature Touch
Analog Header Clean Analog Signals Plugs Into Breadboards
Rich Display Connectivity
USB OTG, Host & Device RF Module Footprint
Integrated DebuggerPIC24F Intelligent Analog
Starter KitPart Number: DM240015
Wireless Connection
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Embedded products: low power, low free resource host processors Get on the network, transfer data, and get off Communicate with other things or users via Internet
Microchip Focus: Wireless Connectivity of Things
Home health and Medical Smart Power/Energy
Industrial Control and Monitoring Home Control and Monitoring
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How to Connect?
Your Application!
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Embedded Wireless Portfolio
Technology Protocol Markets MarketDriver
Network Stack Freq.
Embedded Wi-Fi® IEEE 802.11
WidespreadCommercial Industrial
Internet TCP/IP 2.4 GHz
Embedded Bluetooth®
IEEE 802.15.1
WidespreadCommercial Industrial
SmartphoneBT v2.1,
BT Audio, BTLE
2.4 GHz
Embedded Wireless
Proprietary or IEEE 802.15.4
VerticalHA, SEP, Sensors
Cost Local Network
MiWi™, BT, ZigBee®, RF4CE,
Sub 1 GHz & 2.4 GHz
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Microchip’s Bluetooth® Portfolio
RN41 / 41N RN42 / RN42N RN52 RN4020
Type Class 1Bluetooth® 2.1
Class 2Bluetooth 2.1
Class 2Bluetooth 3.0 Bluetooth LE
Interfaces UART / USBAnalog spk and mic,
i2S, SPDIF, PCM, UART
UART
Profiles SPP / HID / iAP / HCIA2DP / ARVCP / HSP / HFP / SPP /
iAP
GATT, Health, Fitness, Proximity, etc.; Custom data
Power 3.3 VDC
Antenna ceramic on board PCB
Size 13.4 x 25.8 x 2.0 13.4 x 30 x 3.0 11.5 x 19.5 x2.0
Certification BT SIG / FCC / CE / ICS
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Microchip’s Wi-Fi® Modules
MRF24WB0MAMRF24WB0MB
MRF24WG0MAMRF24WG0MB
RN171 RN131C/G
802.11 Radio b b/g b/g b/g
Tx Power +10 dBm +18 dBm +12 dBm +18 dBm
Power Consumption
250 µA power save85 mA Rx
150 max Tx
4 mA power save95 mA Rx
240 max Tx
4 µA sleep35 mA Rx
185 max Tx
4 µA sleep40 mA Rx
200 max Tx
Antenna u.FL / PCB u.FL/PCB RF pad Chip/u.FL
Stack On PIC® MCU On PIC MCU Integrated Integrated
MCU Support 8/16/32 bitPIC MCUs
8/16/32 bitPIC MCUs Any 8/16/32 bit Any 8/16/32 bit
Certifications FCC/IC/ENWi-Fi® Alliance
FCC/IC/ENWi-Fi Alliance
FCC/IC/ENKC/NCC
Wi-Fi Alliance
FCC/IC/ENKC/NCC/TelecWi-Fi Alliance
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Microchip’s ZigBee® & MiWi™
IEEE 802.15.4 Sub-GHz
MRF89XAM8A868 MHz (EU)
MRF89XAM9A915 MHz (US,CA)
MRF49XA433/868/915
MRF89XA868/915/950
MRF24J40MA+0dBm
MRF24J40MD+20dBm, PCB Ant
MRF24J40MC+20dBm, Ext Ant
MRF24J40
MRF24XALow power
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Flexible Wireless Connection
Use the same MCU platform, as your wireless connectivity needs change
Easy to interface to any PIC® MCU UART or SPI
Easy daughter board to expand your PIC MCU dev board ecosystem
Certified wireless modules Speed development time Faster product introduction
Secure Data
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PIC24F “GB2” Family
PIC24F “GB2” MCUs for Protecting Data in Embedded Applications Hardware crypto engine (Industry standard AES, DES, 3DES) Random Number Generator (RNG) One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Key Storage
eXtreme Low Power Extends Battery Life 18 nA Sleep, 200 µA/MHz Run Enabling Integrity of Data without Sacrificing Power Consumption
Connection to USB or Wireless Protocols Integrated USB 2.0 Device, Host, OTG Easy Connection to Certified Modules for
Wi-Fi®, ZigBee®, Sub-GHz, Bluetooth® LE
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Integrated Crypto Engine
Hardware Crypto Engine Industry Standards for AES, DES, 3DES Encryption & Decryption & Authentication Secure Data Transfer & Storage
Random Number Generator Supporting True-Random and Pseudo-Random Numbers Reach a Higher Level of Data Security Reduces Possibility for Hacking
Secure Key Storage for Additional Protection 512 bits OTP Key Storage Once Written, Keys cannot be Read or Overwritten by Software Stores up to 4 AES Keys or 8 DES Keys
Advantage of a Hardware Crypto over Software Implementation Less Software Overhead Frees Up CPU Bandwidth & Memory Operate at a Lower CPU Frequency to Save Power Another Example of Microchip’s Core Independent Peripherals
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PIC24 “GB2” Block Diagram
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Application Example:Remote Electronic Door Lock
Encryption for Security Uses Crypto, RNG & Key Storage User data is encrypted Secure key storage
eXtreme Low Power Low power extends battery life Vbat with RTCC for battery backup
Access Options Enter code manually via keypad Magnetic keycard Wirelessly via Smartphone
MCUCore
128KBFlash
Motor Control Unit
Vbat
Display Unit
Hardware encryption/Secure Key
storage
Key pad control (touch)
CTMU
Door Latch
PIC24FJ128GB204
Digital I/O
UART
Bluetooth®
LE RN4020
Magnetic Card
Near Field Communication
(NFC)
Power
Interrupt
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PIC24F “GB2” MCU FamilyLow Power with Crypto Engine
Embedded Applications in the Internet-Connected World Demand Secure Data & Long Battery Life
PIC24F “GB2” for Secure Data Transfer & Storage Hardware Crypto Engine Random Number Generator & Secure Key Storage
PIC24F “GB2” for eXtreme Low Power Longer battery life for portable applications
PIC24F “GB2” for Easy Connection Integrated USB Easy interface to certified Wi-Fi® or Bluetooth® LE modules
Summary
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IoT Sensor NodesApplication Requirements
Low Power for Longest Possible Battery Life
Integrated Analog for Sensor Interface
Flexible Wireless Connection
Secure Data Transfer & Storage
Note: The Microchip name and logo, and PIC are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. MiWi is a trademark of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.
