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Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)
Prepared ByS.Sankar
16PHD0247Full Time Research Scholar
SCOPEVIT University
Guided ByDr. P. Srinivasan PhDAssociate Professor
SITEVIT University
AGENDA
• Definition• History• Introduction• Architecture• Protocol• Implementation Tool• Research areas and challenges• Applications
DEFINITION
• Collection of inter-related physical devices connected
over the internet that able to exchange the data from
one device to another devices with less human
involvement
HISTORY OF IOT
• British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton coined the term in 1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs.
• Kevin Ashton “IOT” definition as “ Global network of objects connected to Radio frequency identification.”
INTRODUCTION
• Wireless Sensor Network• Cloud Computing• RFID• RFID connecting to IOT
Wireless Sensor Network:
• A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless
network consisting of spatially distributed
autonomous devices using sensors to monitor
physical or environmental conditions.
Difference between WSN and IOT
Wireless Sensor Network
Internet of Things
Things connected to wireless network and gather some data or monitoring the environment
IOT= WSN+ Internet + Cloud Storage + Mob/ Web Application
Cloud Computing :
Definition:
• Cloud computing means storing and accessing the
data over internet instead of our computer hard drive
RFID:
• RFID is a method of identifying unique object using radio
waves
• RFID system are made up of three components
1. Reader
2. Antennas
3. Tags
Connecting RFID Tags to IOT
Communication Principle
Address Updating
IOT Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture of IOT
1. Sensing Layer: • it is used to gather data from objects2.Network Layer: • it provides the infrastructure to support over wired or
wireless connection among things3.Service Layer:• It is used to create and manage the services required by
user application4. Application Layer:• It provides the interaction methods with user application
IOT Common Standards
• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
• IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)
• EPC global
• IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers)
• ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute)
IOT Protocol Standards
Application Layer Protocol:
1. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP):
• It follows the stateless client-server architecture
• It is suitable for tiny devices with low power,
computation and communication capabilities
2. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT):
• It is suitable to connect embedded devices, network
with application
3. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
• It is suitable for multi-party chatting, voice and video
calling and telecommunity
4. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol(AMQP):
• It is wire level protocol
5. Data Distribution service (DDS):
• It is used for multicasting application
2. Infrastructure Protocols:a. Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy
Networks (RPL):• This protocol is standardized by IETF• This routing protocol supports simple and complex
traffic models like i. Point to pointii. Point to multi pointiii. Multi point to point
b. 6LoWPAN(IPV6 Low power wireless personal area network):
• This standard provides header compression to reduce
the data transmission overhead, forwarding to link-
layer to support multi-hop delivery
3. IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)
• This protocol was created to specify a sub layer as
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) for low rate wireless private area networks (LR-
WPAN)
• It provides a reliable communication, operability on
different platforms and a large number of nodes
4. Physical Layer:
a. LTE-A ( Long Term Evolution- Advanced):
• This protocol is suitable for long term durability of
infrastructure especially for smart cities
Implementation Tool
Real Time Implementation:1. Embedded system2. Wireless network and cloud storage3. Decision making and Machine learning4. Web/ Mobile ApplicationSimulation Tool:• Contiki Os – Cooja Simulator
Research Areas and Challenges in IOT
• Availability• Reliability• Mobility• Performance• Management• Scalability• Interoperability• Security and privacy• Video based IOT• Social Internet of things
Applications
• Transportation and logistics domain
• Healthcare domain
• Smart environment (home, office, plant , city)
• Personal and social domain
References
1. Kevin Ashton,”That ‘ internet of things’ Thing”, RFID journal, 2002.
2. Sandra Dominikus and J orn-Marc Schmidt,” �Connecting Passive RFID Tags to the Internet of Things“, WWW.iab.org.
3. RFID Basics white paper4. Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, Giacomo Morabito,” The
Internet of Things: A survey”, Computer Networks 54 (2010) 2787–2805.
5. Jayavardhana Gubbi,Rajkumar Buyya,Slaven Marusic,Marimuthu Palaniswami,” Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions”, Future Generation computer system, Volume 29, Issue 7, September 2013, Pages 1645–1660.
6. Shancang Li&Li Da Xu&Shanshan Zhao,” The internet of things: a survey”, Inf Syst Front (2015) 17:243–259.
7. Maria Rita Palattella, Nicola Accettura, Xavier Vilajosana, Thomas Watteyne,” Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 3, Third Quarter,2013.
8. Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammed Aledhari,”Internet of Things: A Survey on EnablingTechnologies, Protocols, and Applications”, Ieee Communication Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 17, No. 4, Fourth Quarter 2015.
9. G. Marrocco, C. Occhiuzzi, F. Amato, “ Sensor-
oriented passive RFID”, in: Proceedings of TIWDC
2009, Pula, Italy, September 2009.
10. C. Floerkemeier, C. Roduner, M. Lampe, RFID
application development with the Accada middleware
platform, IEEE System Journal 1 (2) (2007) 82–94.