37
INTERNET PROGRAMMING Software Engineering Branch / 4 th Class Computer Engineering Department University of Technology INTRODUCTION
INTERNET PROGRAMMING
Software Engineering Branch 4th Class
Computer Engineering Department
University of Technology
INTRODUCTION
ORGANIZATION
Lecture
Mondays 0830-1030 (Hall 4)
Project
1 The project must be an interactive WWW system Simple HTML pages are not enough
2 Required server-side programming (eg shopping baskets booking systems resource allocation)
3 Required JavaScript (eg client-side checking of user input etc)
4 Not much technical complexity but a high editorial quality (good layout including CSS) making the best of the Internet medium
2
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
OUTLINES
History of Internet amp World Wide Web
The Internet amp World Wide Web
Access Internet amp World Wide Web
Architecture of Internet amp WWW
3
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
1969
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network ARPANET was the precursor to the
Internet Developed by the Department of Defense
in conjunction with several universities the goal of
ARPANET was to allow university-based
researchers working for the Defense Department to
share information with their colleagues in other US
cities
Read more httpwwwlibutahedu 4
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
5
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ORGANIZATION
Lecture
Mondays 0830-1030 (Hall 4)
Project
1 The project must be an interactive WWW system Simple HTML pages are not enough
2 Required server-side programming (eg shopping baskets booking systems resource allocation)
3 Required JavaScript (eg client-side checking of user input etc)
4 Not much technical complexity but a high editorial quality (good layout including CSS) making the best of the Internet medium
2
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
OUTLINES
History of Internet amp World Wide Web
The Internet amp World Wide Web
Access Internet amp World Wide Web
Architecture of Internet amp WWW
3
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
1969
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network ARPANET was the precursor to the
Internet Developed by the Department of Defense
in conjunction with several universities the goal of
ARPANET was to allow university-based
researchers working for the Defense Department to
share information with their colleagues in other US
cities
Read more httpwwwlibutahedu 4
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
5
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
OUTLINES
History of Internet amp World Wide Web
The Internet amp World Wide Web
Access Internet amp World Wide Web
Architecture of Internet amp WWW
3
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
1969
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network ARPANET was the precursor to the
Internet Developed by the Department of Defense
in conjunction with several universities the goal of
ARPANET was to allow university-based
researchers working for the Defense Department to
share information with their colleagues in other US
cities
Read more httpwwwlibutahedu 4
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
5
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
1969
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network ARPANET was the precursor to the
Internet Developed by the Department of Defense
in conjunction with several universities the goal of
ARPANET was to allow university-based
researchers working for the Defense Department to
share information with their colleagues in other US
cities
Read more httpwwwlibutahedu 4
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
5
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
5
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
6
1972
Electronic mail is
introduced by Ray
Tomlinson a
Cambridge Mass
computer scientist He
uses the to
distinguish between
senders name and
network name in the
email address
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
7
1973
Transmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol
(TCPIP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the
standard for communicating between computers
over the Internet
One of these protocols FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) allows users to log onto a remote
computer list the files on that computer and
download files from that computer
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
8
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
9
1976
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running
mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign
events
The date was March 26 1976 and the ARPANET
the computer network that eventually morphed into
the internet mdash had just come to the Royal Signals
and Radar Establishment a telecommunications
research center in Malvern England The Queen
Elizabeth was on hand to christen the connection
and in the process she became one of the first
heads of state to send an e-mail
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
10
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
11
1982
The word ldquoInternetrdquo is used for the first time
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
12
1984
Domain Name System (DNS) is established with
network addresses identified by extensions such as
com org and edu
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
13
1985
Quantum Computer Services which later changes
its name to America Online debuts It offers email
electronic bulletin boards news and other
information
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
14
1988
A virus called the Internet
Worm temporarily shuts
down about 10 of the
worlds Internet servers
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
15
1989
Tim Berners-Lee introduced a
new system of communicating
on the Internet which used
hyperlinks and a user-friendly
graphical interface His slice of
the Internet pie came to be
known as the World Wide Web
Read more httpwwwinfopleasecom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
HISTORY OF INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
16
The World Wide Web or the Web is often confused with the Internet In fact it is just one part of the Internet along with email videoconferencing and streaming audio channels Read more httpwwwevolutionofthewebcom
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
17
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of private networks For example on a college campus the student lab network the faculty computer network and the administration network can all be connected to the Internet
Internet 2 is a major cooperative initiative among academia industry and government agencies to increase the Internetrsquos possibilities and solve some of its challenges
Internet3 is a large computer network linking smaller networks to one another
World Wide Web (Web) consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which are stored specifically formatted electronic documents called Web pages
Web Page can contain images text interactive elements and hyperlinks which are links to other pages
Web Site is a group of related Web pages
Home Page typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the sitersquos purpose and content
Hyperlink is a word phrase or image that connects Web pages
18
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
THE INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
19
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
20
Telephone Lines Access
1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
Although initially built to handle voice communications the
telephone network also is an integral part of computer
communications Data instructions and information can be sent
over the telephone network using dial-up lines or dedicated lines
2 DIAL-UP LINES is a temporary connection that uses one or more
analog telephone lines for communications Using a dial-up line to
transmit data is similar to using the telephone to make a call A
modem at the sending end dials the telephone number of a modem
at the receiving end When the modem at the receiving end answers
the call a connection is established and data can be transmitted
Internet access using a dial-up line comes in two versions regular
dial-up and high-speed dial-up
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
21
The PSTN generally uses digital technology with the exception of the final
link from the local telephone company to a home or office which usually is
analog
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
22
3 DIGITAL DEDICATED LINES Unlike a dial-up line in which the
connection is reestablished each time it is used a dedicated line is a
constant connection between two communications devices This
constant connection provides a higher-quality connection than a
dial-up line Businesses often use dedicated lines to connect
geographically distant offices
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of standards
for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
With ISDN the same telephone line that could carry only one
computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once
through the same line using a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing allows for more data to be transmitted at the same time
over the same line For the small business and home user an ISDN
line provides faster data transmission than a dial-up telephone line
at a modest increase in monthly cost
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
23
5 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) is another digital line alternative for the small business or home user (DSL) transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring Some of the DSL installations can provide a dial tone so you can use the line for both voice and data
6 T-carrier line is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Whereas a standard dial-up telephone line carries only one signal digital T-carrier lines use multiplexing so that multiple signals can share the telephone line T-carrier lines provide extremely fast data transfer rates The most popular T-carrier line is the T-1 line Businesses often use T-1 lines to connect to the Internet A Fractional T-1 line is a less expensive albeit slower connection option for home owners and small businesses Instead of a single owner a Fractional T-1 is shared with other users A T-3 line is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines T-3 lines are the most expensive connection method Main users of T-3 lines include large companies telephone companies and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
24
Cable Television Access Cable television (CATV) lines are a very popular type of nonstandard
dedicated telephone line that allows home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable as television transmissions Data can be transmitted very rapidly through a cable modem connected to a CATV line typically from 5 to 7 Mbps (download) However like DSL Internet access cable Internet access is typically available only in urban and suburban areas
Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Using satellite technology instead of telephone lines fixed wireless
offers Internet connectivity for users who do not have access to DSL or cable Radio signals transferred between a transmitting tower and an antenna on a house or business provide a high speed connection up to 2 Mbps People on the go can access the Internet and Web using mobile wireless technologies which include radio signals wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies and wireless providersrsquo broadband networks
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
25
Internet Service Providers
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a
permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet
connections to individuals and companies using one or more access
methods dial-up high-speed dial-up broadband or wireless ISPs
are either regional or national
A national ISP provides Internet access in most major cities and
towns nationwide National ISPs may offer more services and
generally have larger technical support staffs than regional ISPs An
example of a national ISP is EarthLink
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
26
Web Browsers Web browser also called a browser which is a software program
that requests downloads and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems
The major web browsers are Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Opera and Safari
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
27
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
28
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices A Smartphone provides regular cell phone service plus offers other
features such as a camera calendar and Internet access for e-mail music downloads and access to Web pages
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a popular type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
29
Navigating Web Pages
To identify a particular Web pagersquos exact location on the Internet
Web browsers rely on an address called a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) The URL is the address of a specific Web page
Every Web page has a unique URL
A URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser
The protocol to use when transporting the file
The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
The path for the folder or directory on the computer in which the file
resides
The name of the file
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ACCESS INTERNET amp WORLD WIDE WEB
30
So in the URL httpwwwnytimescompagessportsindexhtm the http
is the transfer protocol which is the set of rules that computers use to move
files from one computer to another The two most common protocols used to
transfer files on the Internet are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The second part of the URL the domain
name is wwwnytimescom and this references the location of the computer
on which the Web page resides www indicates the computer is connected to
the Web nytimes is the name of the Web site and com identifies the Web
site as being a commercial organization The pagessports portion of the
URL provides the path for the folder in which the Web page file is located
and the last portion of the URL indexhtm is the filename
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
31
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
32
bull mySQL
client-side programming network server-side programming database
bull CGI
bull PHP
bull ASP
bull Perl
bull Java Servlets hellip
bull Protocols
bull Application
bull HTML
bull CSS
bull Javascript
bull XML hellip
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
33
client-side network server-side database
bull The client-side The client-side is concerned with the Web browser and its
supported technologies such as HTML CSS and JavaScript languages
and ActiveX controls or Netscape plug-ins which are utilized to create the
presentation of a page or provide interactive features
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
34
client-side network server-side database
bull The network The network describes the various connectivity elements
utilized to deliver the Web site to a user Such elements may be the various
networks on the public Internet or the private connections within a
corporation
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNET amp WWW
35
client-side programming network server-side database
bull The server-side This includes the Web server hardware and software as
well as programming elements and built in technologies The technologies
can range from simple CGI programs written in PERL to complex multi-tier
Java based applications and include backend technologies such as
database servers that may support the Web site
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
REFERENCES
36
copy Omar Janeh 2015 | University of Technology Baghdad
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
37
Next Lecture
Web Documents
![“Who’s on First? Regulatory Authority for the Internet of ... · Regulation of ISPs FTC Common Carrier Exemption as applied to newly classified ISPs and repeal “[K]eeping the](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5f0940457e708231d425f19b/aoewhoas-on-first-regulatory-authority-for-the-internet-of-regulation-of.jpg)