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Interpretive Research Workshop 1
20/01/2014 1produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
London Metropolitan University Monday 20th January 2014
To understand Interpretivist Tradition
20/01/2014 2produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Interpretivist
Positivist
20/01/2014 3produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Methodological Roots of Positivist Approach
Discourse on Methodology- Descartes, (1637) Focus on objectivity of method
Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon in 17th century Value of Observation
20/01/2014 4produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Hume – 1800s Empirical research tradition- Knowledge
originates in our experiences Evidence through direct observation,
collected objectively
Comte (early 1800s) Social world studied in terms of laws,
mirroring natural world = positivism
20/01/2014 5produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Scientific tradition
20/01/2014 6produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Key Properties
Derives from scientific thinking
World is known as a set of a priori concepts that structure our thought and argument
Developing “laws” that govern human action and interaction
Men make own history- not self-selected circumstancesUnder existing circumstances, given and transmitted from the past
20/01/2014 7produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Planned, technologically- managed, systematic, information-driven solutions
Based on idea of constant progress
Constant Mode for achievement: Progress
Modernist Thinking 20/01/2014 8produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
20/01/2014 9produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
20/01/2014 10produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
20/01/2014 11produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Critique of Pure Reason, (Kant, 1781)
Ways of knowing other than rational Interpretive aspects of knowing the social
world
20/01/2014 12produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Dilthey, 1870s
Importance of ‘verstehen’ (understanding) Studying lived experience Social research should reveal connections
between social, rational and historical
20/01/2014 13produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
20/01/2014 14produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Anthropos – Human
Logica – Study
Anthropology is the study of human kind
▪ Who we are▪ How we came to be that way▪ Where we may go
20/01/2014 15produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Malinowski- early British anthropologist
Spent time “in the field” out of the UK WWI
Frank Boas- first US anthropologist to argue for fieldwork
Margaret Mead - Boas’ student- Women in the field
20/01/2014 16produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Weber, (1890s) Understand meaning of social actions in
context of material conditions
Ethnographic Studies Robert Park, Chicago, 1920s Focus on local culture within city
Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer, 1969) Symbolic meanings and Interpretation
20/01/2014 17produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Interpretive Sociology (verstehende Soziologie) is the study of society that concentrates on the meanings people associate with their social world.
How reality is constructed by people themselves in their daily lives.
Interpretive Sociology
20/01/2014 18produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Interpretive sociology manifest in sociology of culture
This line of thought regarded as interpretive because it argues that sources, structure, and functions of social life are not entirely objective. The do not fully exist in the observable world
Instead, their meaning and consequences are subject to interpretation
20/01/2014 19produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Interpretive researchers thus attempt to understand phenomena through accessing the meanings participants assign to them’
(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)
20/01/2014 20produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Lived Experien
ce
20/01/2014 21produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Interpretive View of Knowledge
‘ Social process is not captured in hypothetical deductions, covariances and degrees of freedom.
Instead, understanding social process involves getting inside the world of those generating it’
(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)
20/01/2014 22produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
20/01/2014 23produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Theory and Practice
‘The interpretive research approach towards the relationship between theory and practice is that the researcher can never assume a value-neutral stance, and is always implicated in the phenomena being studied’
(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)
20/01/2014 24produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Simple?
So far…… 20/01/2014 25produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Postmodernism (1990s) Lyotard, Brown Questioning objectivity, rather a relativist
view Fragmentation of Meaning ‘Grand narratives’ of history flawed
Practice Theory 2000s Interpreting in terms of shared practice
20/01/2014 26produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Positivism predominant up to mid 20th century Interpretivism - many roots and variations Key Characteristics taken into qualitative research
centre on: Lived experience Contextual, holistic understanding of events Interrelatedness of our lives
However…20/01/2014 27produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Nothing is simple in academic life -We have seen ideas her that are at opposite ends of the research tradition
Other philosophical viewpoints that have emerged and will have some relationship either to interpretivism or positivism are:PragmatismCritical Realism Constructivism
20/01/2014 28produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Sometimes these other viewpoints and traditions can be discussed epistemology OR ontology OR Axiology
You will find many research methodology textbooks that consider this
It can be confusing and contradictory20/01/2014 29produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
When looking at a research tradition, always go back to the original ideas and then trace it forward.
In that way, you will understand it and the research design implications that may arise from it.
20/01/2014 30produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Before you spend a lot of time reading about every tradition, consider your own study , identify the research tradition(s) that you think you are drawing upon and then ask three questions:
What kind of data do I wish to gather? What do I wish to know about my
respondents and/or the context?- What will the nature of my inquiry be?
What method seems appropriate for this?20/01/2014 31produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
See next file
Interpretive Research Workshop 2
20/01/2014 32produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Angen, MJ. (2000). Evaluating interpretive inquiry: Reviewing the validity debate and opening the dialogue. Qualitative Health Research. 10(3) pp. 378-395.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Berger, PL & Luckmann, T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company.
Blumer, M. (1984). The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20/01/2014 33produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Enthnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Stragegies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine.
Guba, EG and Lincoln, YS. (1994). "Competing paradigms in qualitative research." In NK Denzin and YS Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research. pp. 105-117.
Lyotard, J. (1979). The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge. Theory and History of Literature. Volume 10. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
20/01/2014 34produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Malinowski, B. (1967). A Diary in the Strict sense of the Term. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Orlikowski, W.J. and J.J. Baroudi. "Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions." Information Systems Research, 2, 1, 1991: 1-28
Schutz, A. (1962). Collect Papers, Volume 1, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff. See in particular: "Commonsense and scientific interpretations of human action" pp. 3-47; "Concept and theory formation in the social sciences" pp. 48-66; "On multiple realities" pp. 207-259.
20/01/ 35produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University
Walsham, G, (2006) European Journal of Information Systems (2006) 15, 320–330, & 2006 Operational Research Society Ltd.
Weber, Max The Protestant Ethic and "The Spirit of Capitalism" (1905). Translated by Stephen Kalberg (2002), Roxbury Publishing Company.
Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical Investigations (GEM Anscome transl). Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall.
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