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nterpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/2014 1 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January 2014
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Page 1: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretive Research Workshop 1

20/01/2014 1produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

London Metropolitan University Monday 20th January 2014

Page 2: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

To understand Interpretivist Tradition

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Page 3: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretivist

Positivist

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Page 4: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Methodological Roots of Positivist Approach

Discourse on Methodology- Descartes, (1637) Focus on objectivity of method

Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon in 17th century Value of Observation

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Page 5: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Hume – 1800s Empirical research tradition- Knowledge

originates in our experiences Evidence through direct observation,

collected objectively

Comte (early 1800s) Social world studied in terms of laws,

mirroring natural world = positivism

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Page 6: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Scientific tradition

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Page 7: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Key Properties

Derives from scientific thinking

World is known as a set of a priori concepts that structure our thought and argument

Developing “laws” that govern human action and interaction

Men make own history- not self-selected circumstancesUnder existing circumstances, given and transmitted from the past

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Page 8: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Planned, technologically- managed, systematic, information-driven solutions

Based on idea of constant progress

Constant Mode for achievement: Progress

Modernist Thinking 20/01/2014 8produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

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Page 10: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

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Page 11: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

20/01/2014 11produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 12: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Critique of Pure Reason, (Kant, 1781)

Ways of knowing other than rational Interpretive aspects of knowing the social

world

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Page 13: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Dilthey, 1870s

Importance of ‘verstehen’ (understanding) Studying lived experience Social research should reveal connections

between social, rational and historical

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Page 14: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

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Page 15: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Anthropos – Human

Logica – Study

Anthropology is the study of human kind

▪ Who we are▪ How we came to be that way▪ Where we may go

20/01/2014 15produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 16: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Malinowski- early British anthropologist

Spent time “in the field” out of the UK WWI

Frank Boas- first US anthropologist to argue for fieldwork

Margaret Mead - Boas’ student- Women in the field

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Page 17: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Weber, (1890s) Understand meaning of social actions in

context of material conditions

Ethnographic Studies Robert Park, Chicago, 1920s Focus on local culture within city

Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer, 1969) Symbolic meanings and Interpretation

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Page 18: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretive Sociology (verstehende Soziologie) is the study of society that concentrates on the meanings people associate with their social world.

How reality is constructed by people themselves in their daily lives.

Interpretive Sociology

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Page 19: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretive sociology manifest in sociology of culture

This line of thought regarded as interpretive because it argues that sources, structure, and functions of social life are not entirely objective. The do not fully exist in the observable world

Instead, their meaning and consequences are subject to interpretation

20/01/2014 19produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 20: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretive researchers thus attempt to understand phenomena through accessing the meanings participants assign to them’

(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)

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Page 21: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Lived Experien

ce

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Page 22: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Interpretive View of Knowledge

‘ Social process is not captured in hypothetical deductions, covariances and degrees of freedom.

Instead, understanding social process involves getting inside the world of those generating it’

(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)

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Page 24: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Theory and Practice

‘The interpretive research approach towards the relationship between theory and practice is that the researcher can never assume a value-neutral stance, and is always implicated in the phenomena being studied’

(Orlikowski and Baroudi 1991)

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Page 25: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Simple?

So far…… 20/01/2014 25produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 26: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Postmodernism (1990s) Lyotard, Brown Questioning objectivity, rather a relativist

view Fragmentation of Meaning ‘Grand narratives’ of history flawed

Practice Theory 2000s Interpreting in terms of shared practice

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Page 27: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Positivism predominant up to mid 20th century Interpretivism - many roots and variations Key Characteristics taken into qualitative research

centre on: Lived experience Contextual, holistic understanding of events Interrelatedness of our lives

However…20/01/2014 27produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 28: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Nothing is simple in academic life -We have seen ideas her that are at opposite ends of the research tradition

Other philosophical viewpoints that have emerged and will have some relationship either to interpretivism or positivism are:PragmatismCritical Realism Constructivism

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Page 29: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Sometimes these other viewpoints and traditions can be discussed epistemology OR ontology OR Axiology

You will find many research methodology textbooks that consider this

It can be confusing and contradictory20/01/2014 29produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

Page 30: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

When looking at a research tradition, always go back to the original ideas and then trace it forward.

In that way, you will understand it and the research design implications that may arise from it.

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Page 31: Interpretive Research Workshop 1 20/01/20141 produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University London Metropolitan University Monday 20 th January.

Before you spend a lot of time reading about every tradition, consider your own study , identify the research tradition(s) that you think you are drawing upon and then ask three questions:

What kind of data do I wish to gather? What do I wish to know about my

respondents and/or the context?- What will the nature of my inquiry be?

What method seems appropriate for this?20/01/2014 31produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

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See next file

Interpretive Research Workshop 2

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Angen, MJ. (2000). Evaluating interpretive inquiry: Reviewing the validity debate and opening the dialogue. Qualitative Health Research. 10(3) pp. 378-395.

Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Berger, PL & Luckmann, T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company.

Blumer, M. (1984). The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Garfinkel, H. (1967). Enthnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Stragegies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine.

Guba, EG and Lincoln, YS. (1994). "Competing paradigms in qualitative research." In NK Denzin and YS Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research. pp. 105-117.

Lyotard, J. (1979). The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge. Theory and History of Literature. Volume 10. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

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Malinowski, B. (1967). A Diary in the Strict sense of the Term. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. 

Orlikowski, W.J. and J.J. Baroudi. "Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions." Information Systems Research, 2, 1, 1991: 1-28

Schutz, A. (1962). Collect Papers, Volume 1, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff. See in particular: "Commonsense and scientific interpretations of human action" pp. 3-47; "Concept and theory formation in the social sciences" pp. 48-66; "On multiple realities" pp. 207-259.

20/01/ 35produced by Dr. Anne Broderick, De Montfort University

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Walsham, G, (2006) European Journal of Information Systems (2006) 15, 320–330, & 2006 Operational Research Society Ltd.

Weber, Max The Protestant Ethic and "The Spirit of Capitalism" (1905). Translated by Stephen Kalberg (2002), Roxbury Publishing Company.

Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical Investigations (GEM Anscome transl). Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall. 

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