INTERWASTE (PTY) LTD
REGIONAL GROUND- AND SURFACE WATER STUDY (HYDROCENSUS)
FOR THE AREA SURROUNDING THE INTERWASTE FG LANDFILL
OLIFANTSFONTEIN, GAUTENG
WML. NO. GAUT: 002/10-11/W0030
AMENDMENT REF. NO. GAUT: 006/12-13/W0003
JANUARY 2017
Prepared for:
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
P.O. Box 382
Germiston
1400
P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
January 2017 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 2
2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 2
3. DETAILS OF THE GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST .................................................................. 2
4. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE HYDROCENSUS STUDY ................................... 2
5. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5
TABLES
Table 1: Summary of the findings from the hydrocensus ..................................................................... 3
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Groundwater Specialist Study compiled by Future Flow Groundwater and Project
Management
P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
January 2017 2
1. INTRODUCTION
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd appointed Prime Resources (Pty) Ltd to undertake a groundwater study of the area
surrounding the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site, with the aim of determining any impacts to the
surrounding groundwater system and thereby providing information requested by the Department of
Environmental Affairs (DEA). The study entailed a hydrocensus which was conducted within a 1.5 km
radius around the FG Waste Disposal Site in order to investigate the quality, volumes and usage of
groundwater resources.
The FG Waste Disposal Site is a large-sized landfill facility owned and operated by Interwaste. The site
is located on Portion 15 of the Farm Olifanstfontein 410 JR in Olifanstfontein, Gauteng at 28° 11” 04’
longitude and 25° 57” 35’ latitude and is approximately 90 ha in extent. The areas surrounding the site
comprise mixed agricultural-, developed, residential and undeveloped land.
The FG Waste Disposal Site is operated in terms of a Waste Management Licence (to operate as a class
G:L:B+ Landfill Site) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, No. 59 of 2008
(NEM:WA), Waste Management Licence Registration No: Gaut: 002/10-11/W0030 and the addendum
thereto (No: Gaut: 006/12-13/W0003).
2. TERMS OF REFERENCE
• Conduct a hydrocensus (1.5 km radius around the site), including sample analysis of Arsenic,
Strontium, Selenium, Thallium, Mercury and Chromium (III) and (VI);
• Analyse samples taken from surrounding landowner’s properties that do not have access to
municipal water supply in terms of SANS 241; and
• Compile a groundwater remedial implementation plan if required.
3. DETAILS OF THE GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST
Future Flow Groundwater and Project Management was appointed by Prime Resources to conduct the
hydrocensus. The hydrocensus was conducted in November 2016 and the findings are attached as
Appendix 1. The following summary was obtained from this study.
4. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE HYDROCENSUS STUDY
A total of 19 privately owned boreholes were located within the 1.5 km radius around the site, of which
18 boreholes were sampled. It was found that only one of the hydrocensus points uses municipal water
(FG 7), while one borehole (FG4a) was not suitably equipped for sampling purposes and thus a sample
was taken instead at the same location from an alternate borehole (FG4). Four of the boreholes (FG1,
FG2, FG9, and FG13) were not accessible with a dipmeter and therefore the depth to groundwater level
in the boreholes could not be measured in these four boreholes.
A total of 3 surface water samples, from dams also located within 1.5 km of the site, were also collected
for analysis. See Table 1 below for a summary of the hydrocensus results.
P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
January 2017 3
Table 1: Summary of the findings from the hydrocensus
Name Owner Details Water use Access to municipal
or borehole water Volume
Water Level
(mbgl)
FG 1 Willie Strydom Household and garden
Borehole - NA
FG 2 Borehole - NA
FG 3 Jennifer Sarkis Household, drinking and
garden
Borehole 14.85
FG 4 Warren Thomas Borehole 1 000 L / 3 days 16.60
FG 4a Warren Thomas Not equipped Borehole - 17.50
FG 6 Steven Pretorius Household and garden Borehole 5 000 L / day 12.68
FG 7 Selwyn Segal Kibutz Factory Shop Municipal Pump broken 27.93
FG 8 SA Earthworks Garden and office Borehole 5 000 L / week 40.58
FG 9 Mr Polutre Household and garden Borehole 5 000 L / week NA
FG 10 Bvelela Engineering Garden Borehole 2 000 L / week 28.35
FG 11 Carl Krog Household and garden
Borehole 5 000 L / week 22.49
FG 12 Fitzpatrick Borehole 5 000 L / week 37.15
FG 13 Shaun Bessit Household and livestock Borehole 10 000 L / week NA
FG 14 Necoleen Jones
Household and garden
Borehole 5 000 L / week 34.55
FG 15 Ndzawo
Guesthouse Borehole 20 000 L / week 35.2
FG 16 Guesthouse Borehole 5 000 L / week 39.75
FG 17 Helen Bowrin Guesthouse and garden Borehole 7 500 L / day 35.7
FG 18 Flow Drain
Company Drinking and garden Borehole 2 500 L / week 34.7
FG 19 Mr Moehrke Household and garden Borehole 10 000 L / day 37
Dam 1 Surface dam - -
Dam 2 Surface dam - -
Dam 3 Surface dam - -
The main uses of the water from the surrounding boreholes include:
• Household use;
• Use in gardens;
• Drinking; and
• Use for watering livestock.
Since the surrounding landowners largely rely on borehole water and do not have access to municipal
water supply (18 of the sites sampled), the borehole water quality analysis included Arsenic, Strontium,
Selenium, Thallium, Mercury and Chromium (III) and (VI) as well as SANS241. The location of the
boreholes and dams sampled as well as the main water uses of the boreholes are shown in Figure 1
below.
P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
January 2017 4
Figure 1: Boreholes sampled for the hydrocensus and the main water uses of these boreholes
P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus
Interwaste (Pty) Ltd
January 2017 5
It was found that the hydrocensus borehole groundwater qualities are generally good, with 13 of 18
boreholes complying wholly with the SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines:
o Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value;
o Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.
o FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;
o FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.
Generally, the groundwater chemistry noted for the surrounding, privately-owned hydrocensus
boreholes is good and there is no evidence of impacts thereto from the FG Waste Disposal Site.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
The results of the study indicate that there is no evidence of impacts from the FG Waste Disposal Site on
the privately-owned boreholes on the surrounding properties.
It is, however, recommended that selected privately owned boreholes be included as part of the FG
Waste Disposal Site bi-annual groundwater monitoring program, which should be continued at the same
frequency and for the same parameters. Since the greatest risk to groundwater quality is considered to
be down-gradient of the site, in a northerly direction, the following boreholes should therefore be
included into the existing monitoring program:
• FG3: Owned by Mrs Jennifer Sarkis; and
• FG6: Owned by Mr Steven Pretorius.
R E G I S T R A T I O N N O :
2 0 0 8 / 0 9 4 3 2 5 / 2 3
A D D R E S S :
8 V i c t o r i a L i n k ,
R o u t e 2 1 C o r p o r a t e P a r k ,
I r e n e , 0 0 6 2 ,
P o s t n e t S u i t e 7 1 ,
P r i v a t e B a g X 8 ,
E l a r d u s p a r k , 0 0 4 7 ,
P r e t o r i a ,
S o u t h A f r i c a
C E L L P H O N E :
+ 2 7 ( 0 ) 8 3 6 3 3 4 9 4 9
F A C S I M I L E :
+ 2 7 ( 0 ) 8 6 6 9 5 3 8 4 6
E - M A I L :
m a r t i e n s @ f f g p m . c o . z a
W E B S I T E :
w w w . f f g p m . c o . z a
M E M B E R :
M . J . P r i n s l o o ( P r . S c i . N a t )
Future Flow Reference: PRE.16.059
Client Reference: P160835
FG WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
HYDROCENSUS STUDY
for
PRIME RESOURCES (Pty) Ltd
Future Flow Document: PRE.16.059 / FG Waste_Hydrocensus Report
24 January 2017
FG Waste Disposal Site
Hydrocensus Study Page i
Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
FG WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
HYDROCENSUS STUDY
for
PRIME RESOURCES (Pty) Ltd
Report Issue FINAL
Reference Number PRE.16.059
Title FG Waste Site – Hydrocensus Study
Name Signature Date
Author Thabile Mgwebi
17 January 2017
Reviewed Martiens Prinsloo (M.Sc.; Pr.Sci.Nat)
24 January 2017
This report has been prepared by Future Flow Groundwater and Project Management with all
reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, and taking into
account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility
to the client and any other in respect of any matters outside the scope of the project.
This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third
parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such parties rely on the report
at their own risk.
FG Waste Disposal Site
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Future Flow GPMS cc was contracted by Prime Resources to perform a hydrocensus study around
the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site. The study area is located in Olifantsfontein within the
Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa.
The aim of the study was to conduct a hydrocensus in a 1.5 km radius around the FG Waste
Disposal Site in order to provide information as requested by the Department of Environmental
Affairs (DEA).
This report provides a summary of the findings of the hydrocensus and does not evaluate whether
the facility has an impact on the surrounding environment as no comparison is made between
water quality on the Interwaste FG landfill site and that found in the surrounding area.
Baseline hydrogeology of the study area
Depth to groundwater level and flow patterns
The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and 40.58
mbgl. In areas where there are no large scale external impacts on the groundwater environment,
such as the lowering of groundwater level through dewatering, and where the geology and aquifer
interactions are not excessively complex it is expected that the groundwater level contours will
reflect topographical contours, although at a moderated gradient.
Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation it can be seen that there is a
60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional groundwater levels due to the
groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes by the land owners in the area.
Groundwater quality
In general, it can be said that the groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the
SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines. There are two individual boreholes where the inorganic
chemistry exceeds the SANS241:2015 guideline values:
Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value. The reason for
this is unclear with the information that is available;
Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.
In addition to the above, organic chemistry analysis shows:
FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;
FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.
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Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction and terms of reference ......................................................................................... 1
2. Scope of work .......................................................................................................................... 1
3. General site description ........................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Site locality ....................................................................................................................... 1
4. Hydrogeology of the study area ............................................................................................... 3
4.1. Depth to groundwater level ............................................................................................... 3
4.2. Groundwater quality .......................................................................................................... 7
5. Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................................... 9
5.1.1. Depth to groundwater level ........................................................................................ 9
5.1.2. Groundwater quality ................................................................................................... 9
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: General site layout ........................................................................................................ 2
Figure 4.1: Depth to groundwater level ........................................................................................... 4
Figure 4.2: Topographical elevation versus observed groundwater level ........................................ 4
Figure 4.3: Hydrocensus borehole positions ................................................................................... 6
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Hydrocensus results ....................................................................................................... 5
Table 4.2: Groundwater chemical analysis results – Hydrocensus water points .............................. 8
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Groundwater chemical analysis results
FG Waste Disposal Site
Hydrocensus Study Page 1
Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
1. Introduction and terms of reference
Future Flow GPMS cc was contracted by Prime Resources to perform a hydrocensus study around
the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site. The study area is located in Olifantsfontein within the
Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa.
The aim of the study was to conduct a hydrocensus in a 1.5 km radius around the FG Waste
Disposal Site in order to provide information as requested by the Department of Environmental
Affairs.
This report provides a summary of the findings of the hydrocensus and does not evaluate whether
the facility has an impact on the surrounding environment as no comparison is made between
water quality on the Interwaste FG landfill site and that found in the surrounding area.
2. Scope of work
The scope of work includes:
Project initiation:
o Collect and evaluate all available data including site specific information supplied by
the client as well as public domain information (geological, hydrogeological maps
etc.); and
o An initial site visit to visually inspect the study area and evaluate grey areas or data
gaps identified during the desk study.
Field investigation:
o Hydrocensus of the study area (1.5km radius around the landfill site) to collect
current information on the groundwater environment (depth to groundwater level,
current use type and volume etc.); and
o Collection of groundwater samples for chemical analysis to determine the pre-
development groundwater character.
Report on results from the study:
o Compare groundwater chemical analysis results to the SANS241:2015 drinking
water standards;
o Provide recommendations on groundwater remediation / mitigation of any possible
contamination; and
o Compile a report detailing the findings of the study
3. General site description
3.1 Site locality
The project area is located on the farm Olifantsfontein 410 JR. The study area is located in
Olifantsfontein within the Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa. A general locality map is
shown in Figure 3.1.
FG Waste Disposal Site
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Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
Figure 3.1: General site layout
FG Waste Disposal Site
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4. Hydrogeology of the study area
4.1. Depth to groundwater level
A hydrocensus was undertaken from 23 to 24 of November 2016 to identify and document other
groundwater users in the region. In total 19 privately owned boreholes were located in the field
(please note that hydrocensus point FG7 which is the Selwyn Segal Gift Centre uses municipal
water). The borehole positions are shown in Figure 4.3 and the results summarised in Table 4.1.
Information gathered at these points included field coordinates, elevation, static water level (SWL),
collar height, borehole depth and groundwater use volumes.
The depth to groundwater level as recorded as part of the hydrocensus conducted on 23 and 24
November are shown graphically in Figure 4.1. Four of the boreholes (FG1, FG2, FG9, and FG13)
were not accessible with a dipmeter and therefore the depth to groundwater level in the boreholes
could not be measured in these four boreholes.
The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and 40.58
mbgl. In areas where there are no large scale external impacts on the groundwater environment,
such as the lowering of groundwater level through dewatering, and where the geology and aquifer
interactions are not excessively complex, it is expected that the groundwater level contours will
reflect topographical contours, although at a moderated gradient.
Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation (please refer to Figure 4.2) it
can be seen that there is a 60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional
groundwater levels due to the groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes
by the land owners in the area.
FG Waste Disposal Site
Hydrocensus Study Page 4
Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
Figure 4.1: Depth to groundwater level
Figure 4.2: Topographical elevation versus observed groundwater level
FG Waste Disposal Site
Hydrocensus Study Page 5
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Table 4.1: Hydrocensus results
Name East North Elevation
BH depth (m) SWL
Groundwater use Volume Owner details
(LO29, WGS84) (LO29, WGS84) (mamsl) (mbgl) (mamsl) Name Contact
FG1 -81 012.6 -2 872 930 1 555.319 100 NA NA Household and garden - Willie Strydom 011 314 5489
FG2 -81 052.0 -2 873 041 1 556.847 60 NA NA Household and garden - Willie Strydom 011 314 5489
FG3 -81 008.6 -2 871 955 1 526.806 60 14.85 1 511.956 Household, drinking and garden Jennifer Sarkis 011 314 1211
FG4 -82 360.2 -2 872 052 1 529.032 - 16.60 1 512.432 Household, drinking and garden 1 000 L / 3 days Warren Thomas -
FG4a -82 380.1 -2 872 075 1 531.092 - 17.50 1 513.59 Not equipped - Warren Thomas -
FG6 -82 059.3 -2 872 128 1 533.225 45 12.68 1 520.545 Household and garden 5 000 L / day Steven Pretorius 082 334 4183
FG7 -82 802.6 -2 871 789 1 531.681 - 27.93 1 503.751 Kibutz Factory Shop Pump broken Selwyn Segal 011 238 7974
FG8 -82 940.3 -2 872 200 1 549.236 - 40.58 1 508.656 Garden and office 5 000 L / week SA Earthworks 011 314 2446
FG9 -83 139.5 -2 872 368 1 553.238 75 NA NA Household and garden 5 000 L / week Mr Polutre 011 238 7199
FG10 -83 119.0 -2 872 445 1 555.667 - 28.35 1 527.317 Garden 2 000 L / week Bvelela Engineering 011 314 1054
FG11 -83 184.8 -2 873 121 1 569.467 70 22.49 1 546.977 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Carl Krog 083 269 0425
FG12 -83 275.8 -2 873 000 1 568.924 50 37.15 1 531.774 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Fitzpatrick 083 376 2361
FG13 -83 276.2 -2 872 934 1 569.077 47 NA NA Household and livestock 10 000 L / week Shaun Bessit 082 614 7300
FG14 -83 196.5 -2 872 855 1 566.030 - 34.55 1 531.480 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Necoleen Jones 073 282 5757
FG15 -83 056.9 -2 872 766 1 563.375 - 35.2 1 528.175 Household and garden 20 000 L / week Ndzawo Guesthouse
FG16 -83 298.4 -2 872 590 1 556.725 75 39.75 1 516.975 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Guesthouse 011 314 1877
FG17 -83 017.9 -2 872 588 1 557.566 60 35.7 1 521.866 Guesthouse and garden 7 500 L / day Helen Bowrin 082 566 1126
FG18 -83 071.0 -2 872 112 1 542.711 - 34.7 1 508.011 Drinking and garden 2 500 L / week Flow Drain Company 011 025 3174
FG19 -82 790.2 -2 872 166 1 544.213 70 37 1 507.213 Household and garden 10 000 L / day Mr Moehrke 083 670 0370
Dam1 -81 203.9 -2 871 148 1 500.857 - - - Surface dam - - -
Dam2 -81 288.3 -2 873 686 1 553.928 - - - Surface dam - - -
Dam3 -80 826.0 -2 873 960 1 537.471 - - - Surface dam - - -
All coordinates provided in WGS84, LO29
mamsl = metres above mean sea level
mbgl = metres below ground level
NA = Not accessible
FG Waste Disposal Site
Hydrocensus Study Page 6
Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059
Figure 4.3: Hydrocensus borehole positions
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4.2. Groundwater quality
A total of 21 water samples (18 boreholes and three dams) were taken from around the project
area during the hydrocensus and submitted to AquaStrata which is a SANAS accredited
laboratory. The chemical analysis results are summarised in Table 4.2 and are compared to the
SANS 241:2015 drinking water standards. Please note that FG7 represents municipal water and
therefore the suite of analysis differs from the other points as per the scope of work provided by the
client.
In general, it can be said that the groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the
SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines. There are two individual boreholes where the inorganic
chemistry exceeds the SANS241:2015 guideline values:
Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value. The reason for
this is unclear with the information that is available;
Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.
In addition to the above, organic chemistry analysis shows:
FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;
FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.
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Table 4.2: Groundwater chemical analysis results – Hydrocensus water points
Analysis Units SANS 241:2015 guideline
value FG1 FG2 FG3 FG4 FG6 FG7 FG8 FG9 FG10 FG11 FG12 FG13 FG14 FG15 FG16 FG17 FG18 FG19 Dam 1 Dam 2 Dam3
pH ≥5 - ≤9.7 7.49 7.82 7.52 7.97 7.75 8.15 7.95 7.79 7.81 8.01 8.17 8.12 8.18 8.1 7.71 8.03 8.11 8.11 8.38 8.51 8.62
Electrical Conductivity
(EC)
mS/m ≤170
18.4 22.8 22.7 26.3 18.6 16.1 36.3 33.6 30.7 23.7 23.1 17.5 19.9 16.2 26.7 27.3 47.6 29.8
45 38.6 57.8
Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS)
mg/L ≤1 200
126 162 180 204 96 96 246 254 210 164 148 114 126 110 192 214 354 164
262 238 302
Sodium (Na) mg/L ≤200 14.00 13.80 18.50 19.4 14.6 22.8 26.1 21.1 16.5 17.7 7.63 15.4 6.53 19.3 18.2 33.7 17.8 32.1 32.5 65.1
Chloride (Cl) mg/L ≤300 6.04 13.2 14.8 10.1 2.09 25 17.9 18.6 6.2 8.59 6.33 1.91 5.94 14.4 17.8 39 15.3 19.2 23.5 64.7
Fluoride (F) mg/L ≤1.5 <0.26 <0.26 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 0.778 0.319 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 0.327 0.505 0.606
Nitrate (NO3) mg/L ≤11 3.07 4.97 5.33 3.04 1.96 7.8 10.4 6.62 0.236 2.74 0.847 0.946 0.794 1.65 3.19 25 5.31 0.317 0.303 0.298
Nitrite (NO2) mg/L ≤0.9 0.097 0.096 0.098 0.097 0.094 0.094 0.106 0.283 0.091 0.085 0.124 0.087 0.452 0.088 0.09 0.09 0.091 0.091 0.09 0.089
Ammonium (NH4) mg/L 1.5 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.031 0.025 0.023 0.07 0.126 0.04 0.04 0.252 0.026 0.022 0.011 0.024 0.057 0.023 0.056 0.044 0.076
Sulphate (SO4) mg/L ≤500 (health) <0.141 <0.141 4.47 21.5 15.9 19.4 22.7 2.22 <0.141 <0.141 6.35 <0.141 6.93 8.91 4.38 18.8 2.93 71.4 18.4 5.63
Aluminium (Al) mg/L ≤0.3 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ≤0.003 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Chromium (Cr) mg/L ≤0.05 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
Hexavalent chromium
(Cr6+) mg/L
N/L
<0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Iron (Fe) mg/L ≤2 (health) <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004
Manganese (Mn) mg/L ≤0.4 (health) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Lead (Pb) mg/L ≤0.01 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004
Free Cyanide (CN) mg/L ≤0.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Mercury (Hg) mg/L ≤0.006 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004
Boron (B) mg/L ≤2.4 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013
Barium (Ba) mg/L <0.7 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.227 0.113
Copper (Cu) mg/L ≤2 0.263 <0.002 <0.002 0.714 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Nickel (Ni) mg/L ≤0.07 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Zinc (Zn) mg/L ≤5 1.24 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.239 8.16 <0.002 <0.002 0.818 0.155 <0.002 0.015 <0.002 <0.002 0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Arsenic (As) mg/L ≤0.01 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006
Antimony (Sb) mg/L <0.02 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Selenium (Se) mg/L ≤0.04 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Strontium (Sr) mg/L N/L <0.001 0.017 0.026 0.016 <0.001 <0.001 0.091 0.064 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.14 0.009 0.061 0.123 0.256
Thallium (Tl) mg/L N/L <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037
Uranium (U) mg/L ≤0.03 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
E.Coli CFU/100ml <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 2 <1 <1
Total Coliform CFU/100ml <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 9 <1 <1 <1 4 17 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 7 <1 6 45 3400
N/L: Not listed in SANS: 241:2015
Exceed the SANS:241-1:2015 concentration limit
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5. Conclusions and recommendations
5.1.1. Depth to groundwater level
The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and
40.58 mbgl;
Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation shows that there is a
60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional groundwater levels due to
the groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes in the area.
5.1.2. Groundwater quality
The groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the SANS241:2015 drinking
water guidelines;
o The hydrocensus borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the
guideline value;
o Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline
value.
o FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;
o FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total
coliform.
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APPENDIX A
GROUNDWATER CHEMICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS