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REFERENCING FOR ASSIGNMENTS TERRACE LIBRARY Adapted from: King, J. (n.d.). In-text referencing for A+ Assignments [powerpoint]. School Library Association of Queensland.
REFERENCING FOR
ASSIGNMENTST E R R A C E L I B R A RY
Adapted from: King, J. (n.d.). In-text referencing for A+ Assignments [powerpoint]. School Library Association of Queensland.
APA REFERENCING
• APA is the referencing style used at Terrace
Why reference?• To acknowledge information and ideas from other sources. • To identify sources - to verify quotations and to enable
readers to follow up information used. • To avoid plagiarism.• To give your work academic integrity.• To add value and quality to your work.
THREE STEPS OF REFERENCING• 1. As you read and take notes, record the full bibliographic
details and relevant page numbers/URL of the sources from which information is taken.
• 2. As you write the assignment, insert in-text citations at the appropriate places.
• 3. At the end of your assignment, include a Bibliography that includes ONLY the sources you have referred to in the body of your response.
APA REFERENCINGIn-text Referencing
End-text Referencing
• Refers to sources used within your assignment
• Includes written quotes, summaries or paraphrasing.
• Includes graphic references: • Graphs, maps, diagrams
labelled as ‘Figures’• Tables labelled ‘Tables’
• Uses (author, date, page. #).
• Bibliography - a list of sources used as in-text reference in the assignment.
WHEN SHOULD I USE IN-TEXT REFERENCING?• You need to reference information such as statistics and research
findings, as well as the ideas, concepts and theories of other authors.
• ‘Common knowledge’ information does not need referencing.
TOPIC: Australian Involvement in World War II
Common knowledge information which does NOT need to be referenced:
Information which does need to be referenced:
• The Fall of Singapore occurred in 1942.
• John Curtin served as Prime Minister and Defence Minister during World War II.
• The ‘Singapore strategy’ that was twenty years in the making was supposed to check and deter a Japanese force from controlling the far east from India to Australia.
• In the trenches of the great wars indigenous Australians found respite from the racism and bigotry of mainstream Australia.
TYPES OF IN-TEXT REFERENCES
• “…the decisions make by the British government and high command regarding the defence of Singapore and the Far East need to be seen not only in a long term perspective … but also, for the year 1941…”(Farrell, 2002).
• Historian Professor Brian Farrell (2002) observed that “…the British officers would’ve been a little bit annoyed – some of them, at not being given what they regarded as their customary respect from Australian soldiers.” (Keep citation close to name).
• Current historians agree that Australia fought alongside Britain to create an ‘insurance policy’ in case it needed protection due to Japanese expansion, (Dean, 1999; Farrell & Hunter, 2010; Lee, 2006).
• Historian Brian Farrell noted in a recent speech (2015) that there was an expectation of British officers that Australian soldiers treat them with respect and deference. (Keep citation close to name).
Direct Quote Indirect Quote
Information Prominent
Information Prominent
Author Prominent
Author Prominent
YOUR TURN• “The Australians were
breathtakingly arrogant” (Jones, 2012, p. 6).
• Australians have been accused of arrogance from time to time (Jones, 2012, p.6). • According to Dr Jones (2012, p. 6) the Australians were arrogant.• Dr Jones (2012, p. 6) warns, “Arrogance will not make you popular”.
Direct or Indirect quote?Direct or Indirect quote?Direct or Indirect quote?Direct or Indirect quote?
Information or Author prominent?Information or Author prominent?Information or Author prominent?Information or Author prominent?
DIRECT QUOTES
• Are the actual words of the author.
• Place direct quote in double inverted commas.
• Direct quotes do not add to the word count.
• The citation should include author surname, year published, page number. For example (Smith, 2013, p.34).
• Place the full stop after the brackets.
INDIRECT QUOTES
• These use the author’s ideas but not author’s exact words.
• They summarise or paraphrase an idea, a finding, or an opinion of an author.
• Indirect quotes are usually included in a word count.
EXAMPLE OF IN-TEXT REFERENCINGA Year 10 History assignment:
Australia’s prosperity motivated the government to maintain economic ties with Britain. With few other markets for Australian goods within the region, there was a risk of the economy becoming depressed. Prior to the war, the USA took only six per cent of Australia’s exports while the British took thirty-eight per cent, (Anderson, M., Keese, I & Hoepper, B, 2013). Immediately post-war, Curtin tried to encourage investment by appealing to Britain on behalf of the “seven million Britishers”,(Australian Government, 2014). He appointed the Duke of Gloucester as Governor-General and stated publicly that Churchill was “an inspiration”, (Smith, 1997). The historian David Edwards (2014) argued that Curtin “wrapped himself in the Union Jack because Macarthur told him he had no other choice.” Rather than severing ties with Britain, the post-war Curtin government made attempts to strengthen them for the economy.
IN-TEXT REFERENCING A WEBSITE• Never include the URL in an in-text reference.• Show the author, year and page number.• If there is no page number, include the paragraph number.• (You will need to count the paragraphs yourself).
• Example:
The Reserve Bank has encouraging evidence to suggest that, "businesses outside the resources sector were showing some signs of investing” (Janda, 2012, para. 7).
IN-TEXT REFERENCING AN IMAGE OR GRAPH • All maps, graphs, charts, diagrams and images are referred to as a
‘Figure’.
• Include an in-text reference under each figure.
• Mention the figure in your writing. For example: As Figure 1 illustrates, the Daintree contains vegetation strata typical of tropical rainforests.
• Then enter all the bibliographic details in your List of References/ Bibliography.
IN-TEXT REFERENCING AN IMAGE OR GRAPH
Figure 1: Rain Forest Daintree Australia. From Australian, 2005, Retrieved from http://www.retas.de/thomas/travel/australia2005/index.html
IN-TEXT REFERENCING A TABLE
Table 1: Fluctuation of Cane Revenue 2001-2010
Adapted from Sugar of Australia, (p.26), by F. Richards, 2011, Sydney: Random House Then comment in-text: Sugar prices were at their lowest in 2003, but have risen dramatically in recent years (See Table 1). Then enter all the details (not just author & date) in your bibliography.
THE BASICS – BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS FOR A BOOK
• Author’s surname and initials OR corporate author
• Most recent year of publication
• Title of book
• Place of publication
• Publisher
BOOK – BIBLIOGRAPHY
Raymond, R.A. (2012). I love to sing: One person’s musical journey from Longreach to London. Melbourne: Harper Collins.
Author surname
Author initials
Year published Title - in italics
Place of publication
Publisher
THE BASICS – BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS FOR A WEB PAGE
• Author’s surname and initials OR corporate author
• Date of publication - use (n.d) for no date
• Title of web page
• URL
• Date retrieved if the web page is likely to change over time
WEB PAGE – BIBLIOGRAPHY
Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. (2014). Climate change and variability. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/change/
Author Date
Title Date
retrieved URL
REFERENCING PRIMARY SOURCES FROM DATABASES
Click here to go to database
LIST OF REFERENCES OR BIBLIOGRAPHY• Put on separate page
• Put entries in alphabetical order of author’s surname or corporate author (or title if no author).
• No numbers or bullet points
• No subheadings
• Include a reference of all sources used – print, online, images, graphs.
EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES• Book Example:McGregor, C. (1974). The Great Barrier Reef. Amsterdam: Time-Life Publications.
• Database Example:Willandra Lakes Region. (1999). Encyclopaedia of Australia. Webster Publishing. Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com
• Website Example:United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. (2013). Lord Howe Island Group. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/186
• Image Example:Schoch, T. (2005). Rain Forest Daintree Australia [Image]. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://www.retas.de/thomas/travel/australia2005/index.html
• Online Encyclopaedia Example:Fraser Island. (2013). In Britannica Student Encyclopaedia. Retrieved April 29, 2013 from http://school.eb.com.au/eb/article-9035206
• Case Law Example:Commonwealth v. Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 (Tasmanian Dam Case)
BIBLIOGRAPHYCommonwealth v. Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 (Tasmanian Dam Case)
Fraser Island. (2013). In Britannica Student Encyclopaedia. Retrieved April 29, 2013 from http://school.eb.com.au/eb/article-9035206
McGregor, C. (1974). The Great Barrier Reef. Amsterdam: Time-Life Publications.
Schoch, T. (2005). Rain Forest Daintree Australia [Image]. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://www.retas.de/thomas/travel/australia2005/index.html
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. (2013). Lord Howe Island Group. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/186
Willandra Lakes Region. (1999). Encyclopaedia of Australia. Webster Publishing. Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com
LIBRARY WEBSITE
• For further information go to the Terrace Library website, APA Referencing page:
• http://libguides.terrace.qld.edu.au/home/apareferencing
• This page includes:– Bibliographic generators– Tutorial on Word References Function– Link to QUT Cite/Write website– University of Queensland Referencing Guide PDF
