Into a New Century
Chapter 20
The Computer & Technology Revolutionpages 656-660
Computers Communication Globalization
• Rivalry during WWII led to first modern computer.
• Personal Computers – small computers used at universities and businesses
• Changed business and industry – simple to use• Steve Jobs – Apple • Bill Gates –
Microsoft• Jeff Bezo – Amazon
• Medical Science – longer lives / less pain
• Agricultural – fewer people needed
• “information age” / power – computers, cellphones, emails, IM-ing
• Satellite – increased the speed of global communications
• Ted Turner – all news cable network
• Internet – World wide web – cables and satellites linked computer systems together
• Instantaneous changes - commerce, education, research, entertainment
• How and where people do their jobs – service industry grows / factors and farms jobs shrink.
• Globalization and multinational corporations – integration with nations around the world.• More products and
services available• Helped some
nations develop /jobs to left
• Computer skills needed to get a job
• Service Sector grows• Organized Labor Declines
Homework Review / Warm-Up
1. How have computers changed everyday life?
2. Predict – how might computers change life in the future?
Getting information & news, shopping, meeting socially, more opportunities for people with disabilities, working from home, dating, GPS, music, medical procedures.
Personal information chips? Cyber school
Technology Changes American LifeThe Modern Computer Business & Industry
Science & Agriculture
• Rivalry during WWII – atomic bomb• 1946 – first modern computer• 1954 – IBM commercially successful • 1960’s – microchip – personal computers
• Transformed industry• New fortunes with new techniologies
• Steve Jobs - Apple• Bill Gates – Microsoft• Jeff Bezo’s – Amazon
• Video games, cell phones - microchips
• Medical Science advancements• Longer lives, less pain, disease battling, transplants
• Agricultural – improved machinery, irrigation, growing• Fewer people needed 50% to 2%
A Communications Revolution
SatellitesInternet
Information AgeComputersCell phones
E-mails instant messaging
• Increased speed of global communications
• Orbit earth in space, sending / receiving filled signals - sent to tv, phones, computers
• Ted Turner – “superstation” – 24 hr. news
• World Wide Web• Links computers via
cables and satellites• Communication and
access to info – instant• Changed – commerce,
education, research, entertainment
Changing American EconomyGlobalization Workplace changes
Service Sector Organized Labor
• Globalization – national economies, politics, culture, and societies become mixed with those of other nations• Multinational – companies that
produce and sell goods and services all over the world
• Products available to more• Helped some nations develop• Industrial nations lose jobs to less
industrial nations
• Need computer skills to get jobs
• Banking, stockbroking, programming• Professional worker linked by
computers• Global meetings• Telecommunicating
• Service economy – economic system focused on buying and selling services
• Lawyers, teachers, doctors, salespeople
• Decline in manual labor• Political power of unions
and farms declined• Workers average wages
have fallen
Checkpoint
What was the impact of the personal computer?
How did technology change communication?
How did globalization affect the American economy?
The Clinton PresidencySection 2
1968 – last Democrat President
The 1992 ElectionClinton Raises the Challenge
• Humble background• Law School• Arkansas governor• “New Democrat” – centrists
• Reconcile liberal / conservative ideals• Strong national defense• Tough stance on crime• Free trade• Welfare reform• Closer ties with corporations• Government was large and inefficient
Winning the White House
• 3 candidate election• Clinton – economic & social• Bush – attack character• Perot – business
• Largest voter turn out since 1960• BC – 43%, GB – 37%, RP – 19%
Why ?
Domestic PolicyNew Laws
• Family Medical Leave Act – full time employees 12 workweeks of UNPAID leave for the birth and care of newborn, recover from illness, or care for sick family member
Healthcare reforms
• US only developed country without national healthcare
• Appoints his wife – Hillary – to head a task force
• Never won support – dropped a year into debate
• Americans did not feel increasing the federal government to run healthcare was a good idea
Dealing with Violence
• Brady Bill – gun-control act.• $30 billion anti-crime bill – increased funding for police and banned
certain assault weapons
• Oklahoma City bombing - 1995• 168 killed / 800 injured• Home-grown anti-government extremists• Federal buildings in major cities – barriers / new laws passed
Columbine High School
• 1999• Two students killed 12
students and a teacher• Wounded 24 others• Schools across the nation
raised security• Zero-tolerance to school
violence.
http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=7378618
Republicans Galvanize
• Newt Gingrich – Georgia Congressman• Contract with America –
• Balance federal budget• Welfare reform• Tax cuts for middle class• Decreased federal government• Term limits for members of congress• Increase defense spending• Tough anti-crime laws
Clinton incorporates some conservative agenda in his re-election bid
Clinton Wins re-election
Clinton successfully captures middle ground
Scandals & ImpeachmentWhite Water Development – no conclusive evidence
• Paula Jones when• Governor of Arkansas
• White House Intern• Monica Lewinsky• Lies under oath about affair• IMPEACHMENT
• “treason bribery or other crimes and misdemeanors”
• Perjury & obstruction of justice
• 2/3 majority – not enough votes
Checkpoint
How did Clinton attract voters?
What were Clinton’s successes and failures as President?
What was the outcome of the Clinton impeachment trial?
Global Politics & EconomicsSection 3
Competing in the Global Economy
Free Trade
OR
Lower costs created
Loss of American jobs
Competing in the Global Economy
EU – European Union• One currency (Euro)• Combined resources• Encouraged trade among its members• Challenged economic leadership of US
Direct
Response
NAFTA • Gradual removal of trade restrictions• Supposed to promote economic
growth, reduce prices, increase exports, encourage investments.
• Would it force manufacturers to Mexico and loss of jobs?
• Environmental protection, safety standards, workers rights
270 total free trade agreements signed• GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – reduce
tariffs• WTO – World Trade Organization – negotiate trade
agreements, settle disputes, enforce compliance
Favors business interests over environment and worker’s rights
Exposes people to new ideas, technology and communication, Nations become more democratic, strengthened economic ties
Good or bad?
Somalia• Civil War • famine
Troops sent
Bring peace & foodSteep casualties – withdrew troops
Haiti• Military coup overthrows president• Thousands leave by boat
Troops sent• To restore president to power• Sinking economy, rising rates of
disease and crime
Americans on the Global Stage
Yugoslavia• Collapse of communism breaks up country• 6 major republics form• Ethnic and religious hostilities
Bosnia• Newly independent• Ethnic & religious rivalries leads to Civil War (Eastern
Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian Muslims)• Serbs (w/ Yugoslavia’s help) attack others killing them• Ethnic cleansing – state-sanctioned mass murder,
violence, and rape – shocked world
Encourages NATO to bomb Serbia – cease fireDayton Accords – federated multinational BosniaDid not solve problems but stopped ethnic cleansing
Kosovo• Serbian
province• Ethnic cleansing• Spreads to
Macedonia & Albania
America and the Middle East
• Fighting between Israelis & Palestinians• US becomes target in fight – supports Israel• Declaration of Principals – Palestinian self-
rule in Jericho and Gaza strip & security for Israelis.
• Did not address West Bank or extremists
Yasir Arafat - Palestine
Ehud Barak - Israel
ousted
1993 World Trade Center bombing – kills 6 injures over 1,000
1998 – car bombs at American embassies in 4 countries – 225 killed 5,500+ injured
2000 – USS Cole bombed – 17 killed
Al Qaeda
• suicide attacks and simultaneous bombings of different targets• pledge of loyalty to Osama bin Laden• undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan, Pakistan,
Iraq or Sudan, but not taken any pledge• killing of civilians is religiously sanctioned
• Want a complete break from all foreign influences in Muslim countries
• creation of a new Islamic world wide unity of Muslim political world.
Militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 1988/89
Osama bin Laden -End American involvement in
Muslim countries.
What is it?
What do they want?
How they do it?
Why? • Believe that a Christian–Jewish alliance is conspiring to destroy Islam• Ignore man made laws – for laws rooted in religion
The George W. Bush Presidency
2000 ElectionThree Candidates Run
George W. Bush Al Gore Ralph Nader
Clinton’s VPClinton’s economic
record
Governor of TexasSon of George H.W. Bush
Popular with conservativesDown to earth & sincere
Restore morality to White House
Consumer advocateGreen Party
HOW TO SPEND THE FEDERAL BUDGET?
Widespread tax cuts Strengthen Social SecurityPay down national debt
“he alone represented all Americans”
Not a good speaker
Dull & Cold
Americans voted mainly by party affiliation
Florida recount =
Bush will winShowed a shift in voting demographics
Midwest & south
Democrats demand a recount by hand
Republicans sue to prevent recount
Bush v. Gore5-to-4 decision
Supreme Court
Ambitious AgendaDomestic Issues1. TAXES (was a budget surplus with Clinton)• $1.3 trillion Tax cuts to stimulate economy
• Disposable income• Spending, investing, jobs
• Increased federal budget deficits
2. EDUCATION• Federal funding tied to school success• NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND – hold schools accountable
• Penalize those that do not reach performance standards• Improve teacher quality• School information more available to parents
3. MEDICARE – cover prescription drugs for senior citizens
US is attacked
Hijacking & crashing of four commercial airplanes• Major shift in American
foreign policy• First attack since Pearl
Harbor (50 yrs earlier)• Confidence & Safety in
nation’s power shaken
September 11, 2001
Gets news of attack while reading to an elementary class.
http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=11584488
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+bush+getting+news+of+9%2f11+attack&mid=C2AA54E4F50D0664182CC2AA54E4F50D0664182C&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1
http://www.history.com/interactives/witness-to-911
Speeches following 9/11
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1
War on TerrorismTOP PRIORITY:
FINDING & PROSECUTING THOSE RESPONSIBLEMe
again!
Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda behind attack• Against US troops in Saudi Arabia• Against US boycott of Iraq• Against US support of Israel• Against Middle East governments that are
pro-Western• Hiding in Afghanistan where Islamic
fundamentalist Taliban government allowed them to have training camps
Any government that sponsored terrorism, even if it did not itself commit terrorists acts, should be
held accountable!
Demands Taliban turn over bin Laden
to U.S. custody!
US troops joined by Great Britain and other allies into Afghanistan.
Taliban overthrown in four months!
Several leaders captured but not bin Laden.
Improving National Security
Patriot Act – gave law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists.
Department of Homeland SecurityNew Cabinet-level to coordinate domestic security matters between fedeal, state, and local agencies
Violates civil liberties?
Give up some freedoms for improved protection?
Are you for or against the Patriot Act?Safety or liberty - discuss
How does this affect you?
Operation Iraqi FreedomSaddam Hussein• Defied UN weapons inspectors• Its believed he was stockpiling and making
nuclear, biological, and chemical WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD)
• Congress approves using military force in 2002
Invade Iraq
• Saddam’s forces collapse• Baghdad falls• Saddam goes into hiding• Within months – Saddam and
supporters are captured• Crimes against humanity = death• Executed in 2006
Bush’s Second Term
Bush vs. John Kerry
Lack of another attack proved his competency!?
Red state – blue state divide• Coasts & big cities =
Democrat• South, mid-west and rural =
Republican
Domestic Issues
• Federal deficit growing• Hurricane Katrina• Last two years of second term – approval rating falls
drastically
2008 ElectionBreaking New Ground
Democratic Nomination for President
Hillary Clinton• 1st woman to win a
major party’s presidential primary
• NY Senator• Former 1st Lady
Barack Obama• Senator from Illinois• 1st African American to win
a major party’s primary
Republicans vs. Democrats
John McCain & Sarah PalinBarack Obama & Joe Biden
Barack Obama
EducationOccidental College
Columbia UniversityHarvard Law School
ProfessionsConstitutional Law Professor
Illinois Senator
2009 – Nobel Peace Prize"his extraordinary efforts to strengthen
international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."
Domestic Policy
• Healthcare Reform• Financial Crisis – Banks made risky loans / value of homes
decreased• Pay freeze on Senior White House staff - $100,000• Stricter Guidelines for lobbyists• weekly Saturday morning video address available on
whitehouse.gov and YouTube• the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) - tax
breaks with spending on infrastructure projects, extension of welfare benefits, and education - $787 billion
• Gun control – assault weapons ban• Environment
Waiver to his own new rules – hypocrisy? Pledge for governmental openness?
FOREIGN POLICY
• Killing of Osama bin Laden• Overseas Contingency Operation (War on Terror)• Guantanamo Bay –guidelines for interrogation• Removal of troops from Afghanistan• Numerous Al Qaeda & Taliban leaders killed