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Nadia AmaghouNadia AmaghouAbdelhamid BousaadiAbdelhamid Bousaadi
Abderrahman Sidi Abderrahman Sidi Hida Hida
Outline
TURN-TAKING Giving the floor to another person or
taking your turn in a conversation INFORMATION STRUCTUREMajor stress items pick out the most
important words in the sentence .
► Intonation is the variation of pitch when speaking. ► One of the elements of linguistic prosody. ► Perhaps the most important element of a good accent.
Nadia Amaghou
► Intonation helps create the music of a language. (like
notes in music)
► It is a part of communication. * the rise and fall of pitch in our voice plays a crucial role
in how we express meaning.
► Intonation is the change of level of voice
Extra high High
Gilbert(1994) stated that the purpose of intonation is “helping the listener to follow”. It is a navigation guide for the listener.
Medium Low
STRESS
- stress within a word
- a syllable is said Louder, Longer at a higher pitch
INTONATION- It goes beyond the
word level.- - it’s a change in
pitch within a group of words.
- A long line of melody
Abdelhamid Bousaadi
Tone Intonation
Fall Fall Rise – fall Rise – fall Fall – rise Fall – rise Rise Rise Level Level
Fall – gives the impression of finalityFall – gives the impression of finality Rise- conveys an impression that Rise- conveys an impression that
something more is to follow.something more is to follow. Fall-Rise – shows limited agreement, Fall-Rise – shows limited agreement,
uncertainty and doubt.uncertainty and doubt. Rise-Fall – convey rather strong feelings Rise-Fall – convey rather strong feelings
of approval, disapproval or surpriseof approval, disapproval or surprise Level- tone is neutral and uninterested Level- tone is neutral and uninterested
(usually called “flat”)(usually called “flat”)
1Fall
2Rise
3Rise-Fall
4Fall-Rise
5Level
1. Grammatical function * Intonation is used to signal the
syntactic or grammatical structure.Ex. She dressed and fed the baby. She dressed / and fed the baby.
( the baby was dressed and fed )
( She dressed herself and then fed the baby)
Abderrahman Sidi Hida
“ A learner who learns a new language has not only to grasp the grammar of that language but also the intonation pattern to prove himself a good communicator.”
Qamar& Rubab (2007)Qamar& Rubab (2007)
Distributes accents among stressed syllables to emphasize what need to be perceived as significant word.
Ex. Paul is very tall. Paul is very tall. (Paul and not another one)
2. Accentual information
Ex. My name is Bond. My name is Bond.
James Bond. (new is accented )
It means to convey what is new and what is old or known. The main accent is in the last lexical word.
3. Discourse Function * The study of the intonation related to the context.
4. Attitudinal Function *Intonation is used to convey attitude, emotions or feelings. This adds a special kind of meaning to spoken language.
● to a friend you meet regularly● to a friend you haven’t seen for 10
years● to a neighbor whom you don’t like● to a 6 month old baby● to someone doing what he shouldn’t● to know if someone is listening (phone)
Say “HELLO”
I did not say you stole my red hat.
(the meaning contains the idea that someone else said it, not me)
I did not say you stole my red hat. (Strong anger and denial of the fact.)
I did not say you stole my red
hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. (But I implied it that you did. Did
you?)
I did not say you stole my red hat.
I did not say you stole my red hat. (I wasn't accusing you. I know it was someone else)
I did not say you stole my red hat . (I meant that you stole someone else's red hat)
I did not say you stole my red hat. (I said that you stole my blue hat.)
I did not say that you stole my red hat. (I said that you stole my red bat. You
misunderstood my pronunciation)
I did not say you stole my red
hat.
Fry, et al, (2000),
the changes in meaning are due to what is called supersegmental phonemes. Phonemes are speech sounds and the supersegmental stress/inflection kind affect the meaning .
Suprasegmentals
features of speech like stress, intonation and rhythm
Segmentals are isolated sounds ( consonants, vowels, dipthongs)
Intonation gives the clue a. where somebody comes from
b. his social level
c. sex, age, personality
d. Individual features (idiosyncrasy)
5. Sociolinguistic function
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