EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT

INSTITUT DU SAHEL (INSAH)

Regional Support Program of Market Access ===================================== Moussa CISSE, Market Coordinnator

moussa.cisse@insah.org ; mcisse1990@gmail.com

Soule BIO GOURA, Coordinnator Food Accross Border souleb@hubrural.org ; soule_goura@yahoo.fr

Brahima CISSE, Analyst of Trade and Road Governance

brahima.cisse@cilss.int ; cissebra@hotmail.com ; cissebra@yahoo.com

Ngaye TORDINA, Market Analyst

ngaye.tordina@cilss.bf ; ngaye_tordina@yahoo.fr

Dieudonne KAM, Assistant of Trade and Road Governance

dieudonne.kam@cilss.int; kamdd2005@gmail.com

COMITE PERMANENT INTER-ETATS DE

LUTTE CONTRE LA SECHERESSE DANS LE SAHEL

PERMANENT INTERSTATE COMMITTEE FOR DROUGHT

CONTROL IN THE SAHEL

November 2016

Intra-Regional Trade Flows of Agricultural Products

and Livestock in the Sahel and West Africa

Financial Support:

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 1

TABLE OF CONTENT

I. – Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2

II. – General trend of trade during November 2016 ........................................................................ 2

III. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Maize ........................................................................................... 3

III.1 – Exporting Countries ............................................................................................................... 3

III.2 – Importing Countries ............................................................................................................... 4

IV. – Intra-regional Trade of Millet and Sorghum ............................................................................. 4

IV.1 – Trade flows of millet .............................................................................................................. 4

IV.2 – Trade flows of sorghum ........................................................................................................ 5

V. – Intra-regional Trade of Par-boiled Rice ..................................................................................... 5

VI. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Cowpea ........................................................................................ 6

VII. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Livestock .................................................................................... 7

VII.1 – Cattle trade flows ................................................................................................................. 7

VII.2 – Sheep trade flows ................................................................................................................ 8

VII.3 – Goats Export ......................................................................................................................... 8

VIII - Trade flows of donkeys .............................................................................................................. 9

IX - General conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 9

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 2/10

I. – Introduction

Regional trade of agricultural products plays an important role in regional integration, the control of food

insecurity in West Africa. They are considered the first regional line of defense during the food crises.

Regional trade covers a large number of agro products but a limited number (live cattle, corn, millet,

sorghum, steamed rice and cowpeas) monitored by CILSS on seven corridors.

The trade data related to the volumes and values are collected by professional private association in each

country. Date collection activities are supported by grant provided by CILSS to the Association.

The trade data collectors are positioned at exit points (borders) and in strategic markets in the various

countries in the region to collect data on cross-border trade and on livestock and staple food

commodities. The countries covered include Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger,

Nigeria and Togo. These data collection activities are done on a daily basis and on market days in each

country and are supervised by focal points that collate and transmit same to CILSS on a monthly basis.

II. – General trend of trade during November 2016

The total volume of targeted agricultural products traded in November 2016 increased by 4% compared

to October 2016. In fact, the trade of cereal products (maize, millet, parboiled rice) on the one hand and

livestock on the other hand decreased from 5% for cereals and 8% increase for livestock. Prices declined

in November 2016. On the other hand, for the livestock, the value of trade has increased due to the hight

demand for livestock in the countries Coastal countries during this month of November 2016. It should

be noted that this regional trade is doing in a context marked by the devaluation of more than 30% of the

currency of the first economic power of the region: the Naira of Nigeria. Better, according to the

PREGEC / CILSS, the production estimated in November 2016, the crop year 2016/2017 is credited

with very good cereal harvests in West Africa and the Sahel..

Figure 1 : Map Showing Direction of Cross-Border Trade flows

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 3

III. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Maize

III.1 – Exporting Countries

Figure 2: Volume (metric tonne) of maize exported per country

The total quantity of maize traded through the monitored corrods during the month of November 2016

showed a slight increase of 6.90%. It reached 10 166 tonnes compared to 9 599 tons the previous month.

Transactions were marked by a 47% increase in Ivorian exportations, and 9% of Burkinabè exportations,

which a total increased from 3,979 tonnes in October 2016 to 5,864 tonnes in November for Côte

d'Ivoire; from 2,545 tons in October to 2,772 tons in November 2016 for Burkina Faso. Compared to the

previous month, Mali and Nigeria have not trade accroos border during the month of November 2016.

Table 1: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of Maize Exported

Country of origin

Volume Nov 16

Volume Oct.16

% change Volume Nov.16

Value Nov 16

Value Oct 16

% change Value

Nov.16

Average price per ton

Nov.2016

Benin 385 560 -31 68,856 132,605 -48 179

Burkina Faso 2,772 2,545 9 550,120 588,375 -7 198

Cote d'Ivoire 5,864 3979 47 900,102 606,311 48 153

Ghana 939 1,070 -12 177,901 139,437 28 189

Mali - 180 - - 27,038 100 -

Nigeria - 1,040 - - 478,468 100 -

Togo 201 226 -11 34,719 52,011 -33 173

The regional average price per ton declined by -19% from USD 170 to USD 211 in the previous month.

The average price per ton were : Burkina Faso with 198 USD, Ghana with 189 USD, Benin with 179 USD

and Togo with 173 USD are the countries where the average prices per tonne are higher than the regional

average as indicated in the table Above. The price per ton of maize in Côte d'Ivoire with (153 USD) is

below the regional average and the lowest. These prices reflect a relatively good supply of local markets.

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 4/10

III.2 – Importing Countries

Table 2: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of Maize imported

Exporting countries Benin

Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Ghana Togo Total

Volume (mt) 385 2,772 5,864 939 201 10,161

Value ($) 68,856 550,120 900,102 177,901 34,719 1,731,698

$ / t 179 198 153 189 173 170

Importing countries

Burkina Faso Benin, Niger, Togo

Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal Guinea, Mauritania,

Burkina Faso, Niger

Burkina Faso

Niger was the largest importer of maize with 30% of the regional total volume. It is followed by Burkina Faso with 26%, Mali with 21%, and Senegal with 19%. Mauritania, Benin, Togo and Guinea share the 4% of the regional volume traded. Burkina Faso imported 55% of its maize volume from Côte d'Ivoire, 22% from Ghana, 14% from Benin and 8% from Togo. About 85% of Niger's imports come from Burkina Faso, 11% from Ghana, and 4% from Côte d'Ivoire. Conclusion on maize: The volume of maize traded in the region has increased. This volume rose from 9,599 tons last month to 10,161 tons in November 2016. Niger ranks first in terms of maize imports, followed by Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Benin, Togo and finally Guinea. The estimated total value of maize trade in the region is estimated at US $ 1,731,198 compared with US $ 2,024,245 last month with a regional average price of US $ 170 per tonne.

IV. – Intra-regional Trade of Millet and Sorghum

IV.1 – Trade flows of millet

The volume of millet exported fell sharply during the month of November. It was 399 tons compared to 1,466 tons last month, a decline of -73% with an average regional price of (287 USD). Exports have been plagued by the devaluation of the Nigerian Currency namely NAIRA. It should also be noted that, at this time to the lean season, new millet crops have not yet entered the markets. Burkina Faso remains the millet exporting country in the sub-region during November 2016. The main importing countries were: Benin, Ghana, Togo and Niger.

Table 3: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of millet exported

Country of origin Volume (mt) Value ($) Volume (mt) Value ($) Deviation

November October volume Value

Burkina Faso 399 114,317 404 124,016 -1,23 -8

Mali - - 1,062 412,562 100 100

TOTAL 399 114,317 1,466 536,578 -73 -79

Table 4: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of millet traded

Exporters Burkina Faso Total

Volumes (mt) 399 399

Value ($) 114,317 114,317

$ / t 287 287

Importers Benin, Ghana, Togo, Niger

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 5

IV.2 – Trade flows of sorghum

The volume of sorghum traded is estimated at 1,464 metric tons compared to 2,035 metric tons recorded

last month, a decrease of -28%. This situation could be explained by the fact that at this time of the year,

the sorghum new harvest crops are not yet effective, particularly in the Sahelian belt. Burkina Faso was the

main exporting country. The export volume of Burkina Faso increased by 46%. The main importing

countries are: Ghana with 40%, Niger with 27%, Benin 19% and Togo with 14%.

Table 5: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of sorghum exported

Country of origin

Volume (mt)

Value ($) Volume (mt) Value ($) Deviation

November October Volume Value

Burkina Faso 1,464 308,821 1,002 229,792 46 34

Mali - - 1,033 437,108 100 100

TOTAL 1,464 308,821 2,035 666,900 -28 -54

Table 6: Volume (ton) and Value ($) of sorghum traded

Exporters Burkina Faso Total

Volumes (mt) 1 464 1 464

Valeur ($) 308 821 308 821

$ / t 211 211

Importers Benin, Ghana, Niger, Togo

The average price per ton of sorghum at the regional level declined by 36%. It was estimated at (211 USD)

in November 2016 against (328 USD) recorded last month.

Conclusion on millet and sorghum: The cumulative regional supply of millet and sorghum for this

month decreased by -53%, largely attributable to millet transactions, which fell by -73%, and sorghum

prices decline of by 28% over the period. The regional average price per ton of millet was (USD 287) and

the pone for sorghum was (USD 211).

V. – Intra-regional Trade of Par-boiled Rice

The quantities of parboiled rice traded in the region rose from 599 tonnes in October 2016 to 925 tonnes

in November 2016, an increase of 54%. Benin exported to Nigeria and Togo while Burkina Faso exported

only to Mali. The total value of the parboiled parboiled rice was (531,503 USD) against (394,003 USD) last

month. The average export price at the regional level is (575 USD) per ton against (657 USD) per ton the

previous month. The average price per ton of parboiled rice was $ 625 in Benin versus $ 459 in Burkina

Faso.

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 6/10

VI. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Cowpea

For this month of November 2016, cowpea trade in the region is estimated at 2,390 tons compared to

2,435 tons last month, a decrease of 1.84%. Burkina Faso was recorded as the only cowpea exporter in the

month. The main importing countries are: Ghana with 73% of the total import volume followed by Benin

with 20% and Togo with 7%. The total value of cowpea traded is estimated at USD 1,133,458 compared

to USD 930,485 last month. The average price per ton of cowpea at the regional level was 474 USD

against 529 USD last month.

Figure 3: Volume (metric tonne) of cowpea imported per country

Conclusion on grains: The total volume of trade flows in grains (cereals and cowpeas) totaled 15,339

tons, compared with 16,135 tons recorded last month, a decrease of -5% for an estimated value of US $

3,819,799. Maize remains the most traded agricultural commodity in the region. The main exporting

countries remain the coastal countries and Burkina Faso.

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 7

VII. – Intra-regional Trade Flow of Livestock

VII.1 – Cattle trade flows

Table 7: Number and value of heads of cattle exported

Country of origin

#heads Value ($) #heads Valeur ($) Deviation

November October #heads Value

Benin 2,283 754,136 771 299,216 196 152

Burkina Faso 19,855 11,571,945 18,688 5,731,301 6 102

Cote d'Ivoire 145 87,289 58 3,698 150 2261

Mali 12,227 5,139,137 16,422 7,628,125 -26 -33

Niger 603 175,443 225 109,186 168 61

Total 35,113 17,727,949 36,164 13,771,526 -3 29

The month of November 2016 recorded 35,113 head of cattle traded in the region against 36,164 heads,

last month a decrease of exports of -3%. The main exporting countries are Burkina Faso, with 56% of the

total number of heads exported, Mali with 34% of the total number of heads exported, Benin with 7%,

Niger with 2%, and Côte d'Ivoire With 1%. Burkina Faso has exported to Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria,

and Togo. Mali has exported to Cote d'Ivoire and Senegal, Benin has exported to Nigeria, Niger to

Nigeria, and Cote d'Ivoire to Ghana.

Côte d'Ivoire imported 34% of the total cattle, followed by Ghana with 29%, Senegal with 21%, Nigeria

with 14%, and Togo with 2%. The average price per head of cattle in the region was 381 USD against 476

USD last month.

Conclusion on cattle: Compared to last month, cattle trade declined by 3%. The main exporting

countries are: Burkina Faso, Mali, Benin, Niger and Cote d'Ivoire. The average price of cattle for export

from Burkina Faso is 583 USD, Mali 420 USD, Benin 330 USD, Côte d'Ivoire 602 USD and Niger 291

USD.

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 8/10

VII.2 – Sheep trade flows

The number of sheep traded in the region has increased for this month of November 2016. The number

of sheep traded this month is 49,910 heads compared with 42,274 heads last month of October. Exports

of sheep from Burkina Faso were destined for Côte d'Ivoire, Benin and Togo; Those of Mali went to Côte

d'Ivoire and Senegal, those of Niger went Nigeria.

Table 8: Number and value of heads of sheep exported

Country of origin

#heads Value ($) #heads Valeur ($) Deviation

November October #heads Value

Benin 152 6,731 100 100

Burkina Faso 29,112 286,8904 28,911 3,217,124 1 -10

Mali 20,660 2,174,693 13,160 1,794,409 57 21

Niger 138 6,998 51 16,046 171 -56

Total 49 910 5,050,595 42,274 5,034,310 18 -

Table 9: Number and value ($) of sheep traded

Burkina Faso Mali Niger Total Exporting countries

Number 29,112 20,660 138 49,910

Vaue ($) 2,868,904 2,174,693 6,998 5,050,595

Importing countries

Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Benin

Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal

Nigeria

The regional average price per sheep was 101 USD against 119 USD last month. The average export price

per sheep in Burkina Faso was 99 USD, 105 USD in Mali, and 51 in Niger. It should be noted that sheep

in Niger clearly differ in term of size from those of other countries.

VII.3 – Goats Export

Table 10 Number and value ($) of goats exported

Country of origin

#heads Value ($) #heads Valeur ($) Deviation

November October #heads Value

Burkina Faso 6,720 254,380 5,883 237,931 14 7

Mali 350 16,584 843 58,266 -58 -72

Niger 147 5199 95 5849 55 -11

Total 7,217 276,163 6,821 302,046 6 -9

Intra-regional Trade Flow of Agricultural Products in the Sahel and West Africa; November 2016 Page 9

Table 11: Number and value ($) of goats traded

Burkina Faso Niger Mali Total Exporters

Number 6,720 147 350 7,217

Value ($) 254,380 5,199 16,584 276,163

Importers Benin, Ghana, Togo

Nigeria, Benin

Cote D'Ivoire,

The trade flows of goats in November is estimated at 7,217 heads, compared with 6,821 heads last month,

an increase of 6%. The regional average price was 38 USD against 44 USD last month.

Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger were the only exporting countries for this month. Burkina Faso exported to

Benin, Ghana and Togo, Mali to Cote d'Ivoire while Niger exported to Nigeria and Benin.

VIII - Trade flows of donkeys

Niger Total Exporters

Number 2 2

Value ($) 520 520

Importers Nigeria

Conclusion on livestock trading

The total number of livestock traded in the region in November 2016 is estimated at 92,242 head against

85,259 heads last month for an estimated total value of 23,055,227 USD. The importing countries are:

Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Togo and Benin. The regional average price of cattle decreased by

20%, and the number of heads traded decreased by 3%. On the other hand, transactions of small

ruminants increased by 18% for sheep and by 6% for goats. Prices for animals of all species decreased

from 22% for cattle, 13% for goats and 15% for sheep.

IX - General conclusion

The total value of agricultural monitored commodities and livestock trade flows at the regional level in

November 2016 is estimated at US $ 26,875,025 compared to US $ 24,018,872 in October, an increase of

12% in intra-regional trade flows.