Intregated Pest Management (IPM) Programs
in Tropical Agriculture
Celso Omoto
Dept. of Entomology and Acarology
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo
Biobased Economy Workshop
• Tropical agriculture: implications for IPM
Soybean-Maize-Cotton
Sugarcane
Citrus
• Our major goal: Sustainable Pest Management in Tropical Agriculture
OUTLINE
Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/16886442
The miracle of Cerrado
Source: CONAB
Maize Production Area in Brazil (1990-2016)
(million of hectares)
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
1st season
2nd seasonWinter
Crop growing seasons
5.6 million ha
9.9 million ha
Cotton
1.0 million ha
Source: Conab / IBGE (2016)
Soybean
33 million ha
Maize
Maize
Maize production areas
1st season 2nd season
Source: Conab (2016)
9,9 Mi ha5,6 Mi ha
Soybean and Cotton Production Areas
Source: Conab (2016)
Soybean Cotton
33 Mi ha 1 Mi ha
Maize
Spodoptera frugiperda
Helicoverpa zea
Stink bugs and other bugs
Whiteflies
Spider mites
Cotton
Spodoptera frugiperda
S. eridania
S. cosmioides
Helicoverpa armigera
Chloridea virescens
Chrysodeixis includens
Stink bugs and other bugs
Whiteflies
Spider mites
Soybean
Spodoptera frugiperda
S. eridania
S. cosmioides
Helicoverpa armigera
Chloridea virescens
Chrysodeixis includens
Stink bugs and other bugs
Whiteflies
Spider mites
Cross-Crop Pests
• 1980´s 2 to 4 insecticide sprays
Production cost: US$ 300-400/ha
• 1990´s 5 to 7 insecticide sprays
Production cost: US$ 500-600/ha
• 2000´s 6 a 8 insecticide sprays
Production cost: US$ 800/ha
• 2012/13 > 10 insecticide sprays
Production cost: US$ 950/ha
Soybean in Western Bahia
Source: ADAB, ABAPA, AIBA, Fundação BA
Genetically Modified Crops
Bt Crops
Intense selection pressure with Bt crops
Department of Entomology and Acarology
Research Lines / Areas
• Taxonomy and BioecologyAcarology
Insect Biology
Insect Ecology
Insect Molecular Ecology
Insect Physiology and Biochemistry
Insect Taxonomy
• Arthropod-plant-microorganism interactionsChemical Ecology and Insect Behaviour
Insect Vectors of Plant Pathogen
Interactions in Insects
Insect Pathology
• Integrated pest management strategiesArthropod Resistance to Control Tactics
Biological Control
Integrated Pest Management
Host Plant Resistance
• to develop and implement innovative and integrative technologies (e.g. biological control packages, genes for pest control through transgenesis and RNAi, molecules for behavioral pest control, molecular markers, etc.)
• to assess the impact of current pest control strategies (GMOs, pesticides, biological control, semiochemicals) on the biodiversity of agroecosystems, on the plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions and the side-effects on beneficials
Major research interests
15
Technological Innovations – Biological Control Agents
Parasitic wasps Entomopatogenic fungi
Cotesia flavipes > 4 million ha/yearTrichogramma spp. > 500,000 ha/year
Metarril (Metarhizium anisopliae)Boveril (Beauveria bassiana)Vertirril (Verticillium lecanii)Trichodermil (Trichoderma spp.)
Department of Entomology and Acarology
Entrepreneurship: Startups
16
Technological Innovations - Pheromones
Migdolus beetle– 300,000 haCitrus Fruit Borer – 150,000 haCitrus leaf miner – under registration
Losses avoided in 10 years - 2003-2012
U$ 1.2 billion (50% less pesticides)
Cost-Benefit (investment/losses avoided)
U$ 1 : 112
Citrus Fruit Borer
Department of Entomology and Acarology
National Institute in Science and Technology in SemiochemicalsCoordinators: J.R.P.Parra & J.M.S.Bento
EMBRAPII in
Biological Control Agents and
Biotechnological Process
Entomology at USP
Top 10 in the World
2017
2017
Thank you for your attention!
http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/en/