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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Materials EngineeringPTT 110

SEMESTER 1 (2013/2014)

By: Pn. Nurul Ain Harmiza Abdullah

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Foundations of MaterialsScience

andEngineering

Fifth Edition

William F. SmithJavad Hashemi

PowerPoint Lecture Slidesfor

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

CHAPTER

1Introduction to Materials Science

and Engineering

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CO1:Ability to compare types of material families (metal, polymer,

ceramic, and composite) and describe material structure.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

What are Materials?

Examples :- Silicon and Iron constitute 27.72 and5.00 percentage of weight of earthscrust respectively. Nitrogen and Oxygen constitute78.08 and 20.95 percentage of dry air

by volume respectively.

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• Materials may be defined as substance of which something iscomposed or made.

• We obtain materials from earth crust and atmosphere.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Why the Study of Materials is Important?

Materials are important in engineering in different areas, they are

designed:

• To support load• To conduct electricity• To accept or reject magnetic• To transmit or reflect light• To save cost• To survive in hostile surrounding

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Materials Science and Engineering

• Materials science deals with basic knowledge about theinternal structure, properties and processing of materials.

• Materials engineering deals with the application ofknowledge gained by materials science to convert materials to

products.

Resultant

Knowledgeof Structure andProperties

Applied

Knowledgeof Materials

Materials ScienceMaterials Science and

Engineering Materials Engineering

Basic

KnowledgeofMaterials

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Types of Materials

• Metallic Materials Composed of one or more metallic elements.

Example:- Iron, Copper, Aluminum .

Metallic element may combine with nonmetallic elements. Example:- Silicon Carbide, Iron Oxide .

Inorganic and have crystalline structure. Good thermal and electric conductors.

Metals and Alloys

FerrousEg: Steel,Cast Iron

NonferrousEg:CopperAluminum

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Types of Materials

• Polymeric (Plastic) Materials Organic giant molecules and mostly noncrystalline. Some are mixtures of crystalline and noncrystalline regions. Poor conductors of electricity and hence used as insulators. Strength and ductility vary greatly. Low densities and decomposition temperatures.

Examples :- Poly vinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyester. Applications :- Appliances,DVDs, Fabrics etc.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Types of Materials

• Ceramic Materials Metallic and nonmetallic elements are chemically bonded together. Inorganic but can be either crystalline, noncrystalline or mixture of

both. High hardness, strength and wear resistance.

Very good insulator. Hence used for furnace lining for heat treatingand melting metals. Also used in space shuttle to insulate it during exit and reentry intoatmosphere. Other applications : Abrasives, construction materials, utensils etc.

Example:- Porcelain, Glass, Silicon nitride.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Types of Materials• Composite Materials

Mixture of two or more materials.Consists of a filler material and a binding material.Materials only bond, will not dissolve in each other.Mainly two types :-o Fibrous: Fibers in a matrix

o Particulate: Particles in a matrixo Matrix can be metals, ceramic or polymer Examples :-

Fiber Glass ( Reinforcing material in a polyester or epoxy matrix) Concrete ( Gravels or steel rods reinforced in cement and sand)

Applications:- Aircraft wings and engine, construction.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Types of Materials

• Electronic Materials

Not Major by volume but very important. Silicon is a common electronic material.

Its electrical characteristics are changed by addingimpurities.

Examples:- Silicon chips, transistors Applications :- Computers, Integrated Circuits, Satellitesetc.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Recent Advances and Future Trends

• Smart Materials React to environment Stimuli. Change their properties by sensing external stimulus.

Examples: Shape memory alloys – used in the artery stents. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices.

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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. in SI units Smith and Hashemi

Recent Advances and Future Trends

• Nanomaterials Smaller than 100 nm particle size. Materials have special properties. Very hard and strong characteristics.

Research in progress. Example: Carbon nanofiber reinforced plastic:very light but stronger than metals.

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F d ti f M t i l S i d E gi i g 5th Ed i SI it S ith d H h i

Case Study – Material Selection

• Problem: Select suitable material for bicycleframe and fork.

Steel andalloys

WoodCarbon fiberReinforced

plastic

Aluminumalloys

Ti and Mgalloys

Low cost butHeavy. Less

Corrosionresistance

Light andstrong. But

Cannot beshaped

Very light andstrong. No

corrosion.Very expensive

Light, moderatelyStrong. Corrosion

Resistance.expensive

Slightly betterThan Al

alloys. But muchexpensive

Cost important? Select steel

Properties important? Select CFRP14