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INTRO TO BASICINTRO TO BASICWEATHERIZATIONWEATHERIZATION
Goal of Basic TrainingGoal of Basic Training
WV Weatherization Program WV Weatherization Program MissionMission
To reduce the energy costs To reduce the energy costs for low-income families, for low-income families,
particularly for the elderly, particularly for the elderly, people with disabilities, and people with disabilities, and children, by improving the children, by improving the energy efficiency of their energy efficiency of their
homes while ensuring their homes while ensuring their health and safety.health and safety.
Focus of the ProgramFocus of the Program
Save energy dollars for the clientSave energy dollars for the client
Give the client more disposable Give the client more disposable incomeincome
• Better afford necessities of lifeBetter afford necessities of life
Improve standard of livingImprove standard of living
Improve environment - greenImprove environment - green
How are we funded?How are we funded?
US US Department Department of Energy & of Energy & WV DHHRWV DHHR
Governors Governors Office of Office of
Economic Economic OpportunityOpportunity
Community Action Community Action AgenciesAgencies
Low-Income Low-Income ClientClient
ProfessionalismProfessionalism
Be considerate of clients and their propertyBe considerate of clients and their property
You represent the agencyYou represent the agency
Keep job site organized, clean, safe and Keep job site organized, clean, safe and lead safelead safe
Neat and clean in appearanceNeat and clean in appearance
Smoking in designated areas only, Smoking in designated areas only, cigarette butts in trashcigarette butts in trash
Clean up at end of dayClean up at end of day
Typical Home Energy CostsTypical Home Energy Costs
Heating & Cooling44%
Refrigerator9%
Water Heating14%
Lighting, cooking, and other
appliances33%
Building Science - THE BASICS
• Hot moves to cold.
• 1 cfm out = 1 cfm in
• Air takes path of least resistance.
• Air flows from high pressure to low pressure.
Building Science - THE BASICS
The movement of heat through or between solid objects that touch each other.
Insulation restricts the flow of heat by conduction.
Building Science - THE BASICS
The transfer of heat caused by the actual movement of air or water.
Warm air rises-cold air falls.
Building Science - THE BASICS
The movement of heat waves through space from one object to another.
This occurs in the summer when the sun strikes a roof and then radiates heat to the attic floor.
Building Science - THE BASICS
The uncontrolled flow of air into and out of a home through air leaks.
By caulking, sealing and weather stripping holes and cracks a savings of up to 30% can be realized.
Building Science - THE BASICS
InfiltrationInfiltration & exfiltrationexfiltration
Types of InfiltrationTypes of Infiltration
Stack (chimney) effect – Warm air rises Stack (chimney) effect – Warm air rises pulling cold air into lower portion of house.pulling cold air into lower portion of house.
Wind-driven – Wind blows cold air into Wind-driven – Wind blows cold air into home. home.
Mechanical driven – A result of exhaust Mechanical driven – A result of exhaust fans, combustion appliances or air fans, combustion appliances or air handlers.handlers.
House as a SystemHouse as a SystemThe need to control air, heat, moisture!The need to control air, heat, moisture!
Interaction between clients, building Interaction between clients, building components and mechanical systemscomponents and mechanical systems
Health and Safety firstHealth and Safety first
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Building Tightness Limits (BTL)Building Tightness Limits (BTL)
Moisture/moldMoisture/mold
Structure durabilityStructure durability
Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide
Balance of comfort and HVAC efficiency Balance of comfort and HVAC efficiency
Air Sealing DiagnosticsAir Sealing Diagnostics
DG 700 Pressure Gauge
Fan Controller
Membrane
Adjustable Frame
Fan
Red Hose Fan cfm’s
Green Hose House Pa
Blower Door Configuration Blower Door Configuration
Blower Door Blower Door
• Set home to winter conditionsSet home to winter conditions
• Turn off all fans and HVAC equipmentTurn off all fans and HVAC equipment
• Depressurize house to –50 pascalsDepressurize house to –50 pascals
• RecordRecord (pre, daily, post) WX blower door (pre, daily, post) WX blower door readingreading
• Set target range – BTL, upper limitSet target range – BTL, upper limit
• Utilize BD to identify leakage areasUtilize BD to identify leakage areas
• Air seal the largest leaks first Air seal the largest leaks first
- primary and secondary- primary and secondary
• Air seal into lower part of target rangeAir seal into lower part of target range
Whole House DepressurizationWhole House Depressurization
Building Shell Losses
Goal of Basic TrainingGoal of Basic Training
Analyze
Evaluate
? ??
Work smarter, Not harder!
Health & Safety ConsiderationsHealth & Safety Considerations
Ambient Air TestingAmbient Air Testing
Lead Safe WX (LSW)Lead Safe WX (LSW)
Mold - MoistureMold - Moisture
Carbon Monoxide (CO) TestingCarbon Monoxide (CO) Testing
DraftDraft
Unsanitary Conditions-Sewer Unsanitary Conditions-Sewer LeaksLeaks
Code ComplianceCode Compliance
Define Pressure & Insulation Define Pressure & Insulation BoundariesBoundaries
Air Sealing BenefitsAir Sealing Benefits
Reduces Energy Costs – represents Reduces Energy Costs – represents 5 – 40% of heating costs 5 – 40% of heating costs
Extends life of homeExtends life of home
Reduces moisture mitigation into Reduces moisture mitigation into building cavitiesbuilding cavities
Protects insulation thermal resistanceProtects insulation thermal resistance
Reduces drafts Reduces drafts
Increases comfortIncreases comfort
Reduces greenhouse gas emissionsReduces greenhouse gas emissions
Insulation BenefitsInsulation Benefits
Reduces energy costs – Heating & Reduces energy costs – Heating & CoolingCooling
Increases comfortIncreases comfort
Reduces outside noiseReduces outside noise
Reduces Infiltration – dense packReduces Infiltration – dense pack
Reduces greenhouse gas emissionsReduces greenhouse gas emissions
AIR (PRESSURE) BARRIER + INSULATION AIR (PRESSURE) BARRIER + INSULATION BARRIER = THERMAL BOUNDARIESBARRIER = THERMAL BOUNDARIES
Insulation and pressure boundaries should Insulation and pressure boundaries should be the same and be continuous.be the same and be continuous.
Air-leakage locationsAir-leakage locations
Define Air & Insulation BoundariesDefine Air & Insulation Boundaries
Define Air & Insulation BoundariesDefine Air & Insulation Boundaries
Define Air & Insulation BoundariesDefine Air & Insulation Boundaries
air seal attic prior to insulatingair seal attic prior to insulating!!
Attics leak around penetrations: pipes, chimneys, Attics leak around penetrations: pipes, chimneys, electric wires, light fixtures, etc.electric wires, light fixtures, etc.
Air leaks - Where to look?Air leaks - Where to look?
Electrical Electrical penetrationspenetrations
Around chimneys
Seal with non combustible Seal with non combustible sheet metal and high sheet metal and high
temperature caulktemperature caulk
Air leaks - Where to look?Air leaks - Where to look?
Balloon frame wallsBalloon frame walls
Top plate of wallsTop plate of walls
Recessed Recessed light light
fixturesfixtures
Air leaks - Where to Air leaks - Where to look?look?
Drop down Drop down steps or attic steps or attic
hatcheshatches Cover with fire Cover with fire resistant drywall or resistant drywall or
sheet-metal sheet-metal enclosuresenclosures
Cover with fire Cover with fire resistant drywall or resistant drywall or
sheet-metal sheet-metal enclosuresenclosures
Air leaks - Where to look?Air leaks - Where to look?
HVAC Ductwork or HVAC Ductwork or flue penetrationsflue penetrations
Bottom of knee wallsBottom of knee walls
Air leaks - Where to look?Air leaks - Where to look?
Plumbing Plumbing PenetrationPenetration
ss
Expanding foam is an alternative
for gaps too large for caulk
(>1/4”)
Expanding foam is an alternative
for gaps too large for caulk
(>1/4”)
Air leaks - Where to look?Air leaks - Where to look?
Power Entrance WirePower Entrance Wire
Marriage Wall in Double WideMarriage Wall in Double Wide
Attic InsulationAttic Insulation
AIR SEAL ATTICAIR SEAL ATTIC Install insulation damInstall insulation dam
Mark and cover electrical junction boxesMark and cover electrical junction boxes
Install attic venting – high/low patternInstall attic venting – high/low pattern
Insulate/air seal interior attic hatchInsulate/air seal interior attic hatch
Insulate to R-38, based on coverage chartInsulate to R-38, based on coverage chart
Continuous over all conditioned spaces Continuous over all conditioned spaces
Attic InsulationAttic Insulation
Electrical junction Electrical junction markersmarkers EvenEven coverage
to R38EvenEven coverage
to R38
DamDam
Dense Pack Wall InsulationDense Pack Wall Insulation• Wall assessment – Inspect wall for evidence Wall assessment – Inspect wall for evidence of moisture damage, knob-and-tube wiring, of moisture damage, knob-and-tube wiring, gaps, lead, asbestos, pocket doors and strength gaps, lead, asbestos, pocket doors and strength of constructionof construction
• Options – Interior, exterior, siding removalOptions – Interior, exterior, siding removal
• Where possible, remove siding and drill Where possible, remove siding and drill through sheathing. When replaced it must be through sheathing. When replaced it must be weatherproofedweatherproofed
• Sidewall plugs (compatible) must be caulked Sidewall plugs (compatible) must be caulked and primedand primed
Dense Pack Wall InsulationDense Pack Wall Insulation
• Drill pattern should be uniform and Drill pattern should be uniform and provide even coverage above windows provide even coverage above windows and doors.and doors.
• Probe walls to identify cavity, fire breaks Probe walls to identify cavity, fire breaks or other obstructions.or other obstructions.
• Seal balloon frame constructed walls at Seal balloon frame constructed walls at top & bottom prior to insulatingtop & bottom prior to insulating.
Dense Pack Wall InsulationDense Pack Wall Insulation
Dense Pack Wall InsulationDense Pack Wall Insulation
Remove Siding Drill Probe Cavity Remove Siding Drill Probe Cavity
Dense Pack Wall InsulationDense Pack Wall Insulation
Install fiberglass insulation plug or Install fiberglass insulation plug or foam bottom and top of Balloon foam bottom and top of Balloon Frame Walls prior to insulationFrame Walls prior to insulation
Knee Wall InsulationKnee Wall Insulation
• Seal base of knee wallSeal base of knee wall• If needed, remove attic If needed, remove attic
flooring to allow for air sealingflooring to allow for air sealing• Insulate wall area to R19 Insulate wall area to R19
fiberglass or dense packfiberglass or dense pack• Air seal and insulate roof rafter Air seal and insulate roof rafter
combinationcombination• Insulate collar beam areaInsulate collar beam area
– R38 and ventR38 and vent– Or fill cavity Or fill cavity
Knee Wall AccessKnee Wall Access
• Access must be width of knee wall stud cavity by Access must be width of knee wall stud cavity by 24” high 24” high
• If unreasonable to provide permanent access to If unreasonable to provide permanent access to all knee wall areas, the attic and/or knee wall all knee wall areas, the attic and/or knee wall area must be inspected by a PWI. Insulation area must be inspected by a PWI. Insulation must be adequately documented in the client file must be adequately documented in the client file with photo documentation.with photo documentation.
• If there are no interior accesses, at least one If there are no interior accesses, at least one exterior access to each attic space shall be left exterior access to each attic space shall be left for inspection purposes.for inspection purposes.
• Access shall be weather stripped and insulated Access shall be weather stripped and insulated to the same R-value as the knee wall. At least to the same R-value as the knee wall. At least one latch shall be installed to ensure air one latch shall be installed to ensure air tightness.tightness.
Floor Insulation – Defining Floor Insulation – Defining BoundariesBoundaries
Pg. 95Pg. 95
• Air seal floor if basement or Air seal floor if basement or crawl space is determined crawl space is determined outsideoutside the thermal boundarythe thermal boundary
• Air seal band joist and foundation Air seal band joist and foundation if floor is determined to be if floor is determined to be insideinside the thermal boundarythe thermal boundary
Floor InsulationFloor Insulation
• AIR SEALAIR SEAL
• Insulate to R19Insulate to R19
• Netting is the preferred methodNetting is the preferred method
• Install insulation with vapor barrier Install insulation with vapor barrier towards conditioned spacetowards conditioned space
• Install 6 mil black ground vapor barrier Install 6 mil black ground vapor barrier over entire crawl spaceover entire crawl space
Ducts and PipesDucts and Pipes
• When floor insulation is installed, When floor insulation is installed, ductwork below the floor insulation ductwork below the floor insulation must be appropriately sealed and must be appropriately sealed and insulatedinsulated
• Ducts must sealed and insulated to Ducts must sealed and insulated to a minimum of R6a minimum of R6
• Water pipes must also be insulatedWater pipes must also be insulated
Duct SealingDuct Sealing Test with pressure Test with pressure
pan to determine pan to determine leakage of duct. leakage of duct. - the higher the the higher the
reading, the reading, the leakier the ductleakier the duct
- goal is total sum - goal is total sum of 0 – 3paof 0 – 3pa
AlwaysAlways seal and seal and insulate ducts/pipes insulate ducts/pipes that are outside the that are outside the thermal boundarythermal boundary
Ductwork -Ductwork -SEALING & INSULATINGSEALING & INSULATING
Test for air leaksTest for air leaks
Look for disconnects or gapsLook for disconnects or gaps
Ductwork -Ductwork -SEALING & INSULATINGSEALING & INSULATING
Inspect for leakage Inspect for leakage locations locations
Ductwork -SEALING & INSULATINGDuctwork -SEALING & INSULATING
CleanClean
Apply mastic & fiber Apply mastic & fiber tape (if necessary)tape (if necessary)
DuctworkDuctwork
Address supplyAddress supply
andand return side return side
BaseloadBaseload
The energy used by electric or gas The energy used by electric or gas appliances that is not related to space heating appliances that is not related to space heating or cooling is called baseload energy.or cooling is called baseload energy.
Baseload includes: lighting, refrigeration, Baseload includes: lighting, refrigeration, water heating, cooking, and electronics.water heating, cooking, and electronics.
All measures must prove a Savings-to-All measures must prove a Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) greater than 1.investment ratio (SIR) greater than 1.
BaseloadBaseload Refrigerator – Must test for a minimum of two hours Refrigerator – Must test for a minimum of two hours
utilizing the Watts-up meter. utilizing the Watts-up meter.
Water Heater:Water Heater: Water heater wrap – set temperature to 120Water heater wrap – set temperature to 12000
Pipe insulation – first 3 feet of cold, all hotPipe insulation – first 3 feet of cold, all hot Low flow – 20 sec. test in gallon jug, replace. 2.5 Low flow – 20 sec. test in gallon jug, replace. 2.5
or lessor less
Compact fluorescent lights – installed in fixtures Compact fluorescent lights – installed in fixtures where lights are used for more than 2 hours a day. where lights are used for more than 2 hours a day. CFL’s use up to 75% less than incandescent lights.CFL’s use up to 75% less than incandescent lights.
Governors Office of Economic OpportunityGovernors Office of Economic OpportunityProgram Specialist’s Contact NumbersProgram Specialist’s Contact Numbers
Stacy KeysStacy Keys
TESCTESC
304-487-6571304-487-6571
304-767-5448 304-767-5448 CellCell
Danny NeelyDanny Neely
TESCTESC
304-487-6575304-487-6575
304-767-5446 304-767-5446 CellCell
Lyn M. BartgesLyn M. Bartges
GOEOGOEO
304-558-8860304-558-8860
Ext. 21Ext. 21
304-553-9126 304-553-9126 CellCell
Rich CourtneyRich Courtney
NRONRO
304-368-3902304-368-3902
304-767-5447 304-767-5447 CellCell
Earnie KuhnEarnie Kuhn
GOEOGOEO
304-558-8860 Ext. 304-558-8860 Ext. 3232
304-881-2297 Cell304-881-2297 Cell