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Introducing a New Concept in Networking Fluid Networking S. Wood Nov. 2006 Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
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Introducing a New Concept in Networking
Fluid Networking
S. Wood Nov. 2006
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Fluid Networking
• A Layer 4 Path Switch
• Path management and path switching is performed in hardware
• A self routing algorithm provides “Best Path” assignment at wire speed
• Network management allows Network Traffic Engineering to occur in real time
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Internet With A Flow Based Router + Fluid
• A Flow Based router is needed at each edge point• No network Traffic Engineering needed• Secure
Flow BasedRouter
Packet Flows
FluidEdge
Switch
Fluid PathSwitchingNetwork
Each packet flowassigned an LSP
TCPUDP
IP
L4 L3
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Label SwitchingFluid Networking
• Combines self routing with label switching• Can be used over or under MPLS• Uses a layer 4 request-grant protocol• Builds and manages LSP’s with latency and QOS
guarantees at wire speed• Extremely reliable as LSP setup, management and
switching done in hardware• Supports multicasting (branching & merging)
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Fluid Network Security
• New paths are built with the co-operation of the carrier– User provides destination address, metrics– Carrier provides QOS & Policy
• To provide additional security, QOS & Policy can be encrypted.
• The path built is not under user control.• The users access is limited to only certain connections.• The users location is defined by the carrier and cannot be
spoofed.
Next Generation Internet
• Very Low Cost• Switches cannot go down because of congestion• TDM voice supported• TCP layer builds connections directly• Simple, Deterministic operation• Secure
Messages
Fluid LSP
Fluid LSP
Fluid LSP
Fluid LSP
REQ
GRANT
REQ
GRANT
Fluid Edge Switch
TCPUDP
Fluid PathSwitchingNetwork
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Fluid NetworksSystem Block Diagram
EdgeSwitch
EdgeSwitch
SONET OCn
DS1-n
T1-nE1-n
ATM
MPLS
Frame Relay
10 GE
GE
10/100 Base T
Workstation
OA&MTerminals
10 GE
GE
10/100 Base T
10 GE
GE
10/100 Base T
10/100 Base T
POS
POS
SwitchFabricNodes
DOMAIN 1 DOMAIN n
Junctors
EdgeSwitchesSynchronous
PacketJunctor
Junctor
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Fluid NetworksSwitch Fabric Node
Multiplexer
16 Port X GE Non BlockingSpace Division Switch
StatusLED's
NetworkConnections
1 RMSPackage
LED Description OFF Out of Service RED Link Failure
YELLOW Looped GREEN Facility Up and Running
FLASHING GREEN Packet Flows GREEN / YELLOW (flashing) Congested
GREEN / RED (flashing) Errors
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
System Operation
• Path Hunting
• Path Setup
• Path Usage
• Path Teardown
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Hunting PacketContains Request Information
• Called Address• Calling Address• Max Latency• Max Hop Count• QoS Map• Policy Map• Proposed Max Bandwidth• Proposed Average Bandwidth
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Path Hunting• Hunting phase - when a path is needed between 2 ports.• Hunting Packet is sent from the source node• The packet is replicated at each node, subject to policy
constraints.• Each node destroys duplicate hunting packets• Hunting packets are forwarded only if bandwidth is
available or destroys them.• The hunting packet carries request information provided
by source node.• The hunt is over when either the destination node receives
the packet or the maximum latency timeout occurs.• When the destination node is reached, the path right-of-
way has been established.
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Path Setup
• When the destination node receives a hunting packet, it can build a path back to the source node.
• The setup packet assigns labels from the destination back to the source.
• Path Setup only occurs if there is available bandwidth at each node.
• A Setup Packet delivers the final label of the path to the source node as the final step for setup.
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Setup PacketGrant Information
• Label for operating LSP with guaranteed performance
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Path Usage & Teardown
• Path usage operates like MPLS on steroids
• Path Teardown– A special signaling packet tears down the
connection when no longer needed.– Teardown occurs if a failure is detected.
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Model Fluid MPLS Network
20 31
32
02Called Party
03Called Party
01Calling Party
10 34
21
22
24
11
3323
36
Nodes
Links
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Hunting Packet Technology
• The hunting packet self-routing algorithm involves the creation, replication and the destruction of hunting packets, all in a limited time.
• Very small so it uses up limited bandwidth.• Each node
– has no network knowledge – follows instructions (if any) provided on policy routing
and maximum port bandwidth– processes each packet at wire speed in hardware
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Hunting Packet Technology
• Nodes that are congested, have failed or do not have available bandwidth, simply ignore hunting packets.
• Hunting Packets only traverse suitable routes• Under ideal conditions, Hunting Packets can completely
flood the network exposing every viable path.• The hunting technology is especially suited for mobile
environments as links can come and go, but the best paths will always be discovered.
• As the hunt runs at wire speed, only propagation delays in the network affect the building of paths.
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
OA&M
• System supports OA&M Console– Multiple Console operation– Consoles can be added or removed at will– Console looks like node to system
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Console Features
• Shows nodes and links in the form of a map
• New nodes and links automatically appear
• Alarms for node/link failure
• Congestion shown on links
• LSP Fail Alarms
• LSP display as needed
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Multicasting
• Each Fluid Node contains branching hardware to support multicasting and merging
• Replicates a packet flow at various switching points to serve many users
• Ideal for broadcast video• Multiple branching options under control of
system administratorCopyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
Engineering Axioms
• There is always a “Save The World” protocol just around the corner (STWP).
• If something is expensive, hard to make, complicated or problematical, there probably is a better way.
• Hardware is easy to change, ideas are NOT.• Architectures are timeless, only the implementation
becomes dated.• The broader the change, the harder it is to gain acceptance.• The more innovative the technology the harder it is to gain
acceptance.
Copyright 2006 Modern Systems Research
