Introducing FAO’s Work on Introducing FAO’s Work on
Sustainable Bioenergy Sustainable Bioenergy
and and
EnergyEnergy--FoodFood--Climate Links Climate Links
Olivier Dubois, FAO GBEP-Tokyo, November 2011
Sustainable Bioenergy What is needed
� An in-depth understanding of opportunities and risks,
synergies and trade-offs
� Implementation of good practices by
investors/producers and related policy instrumentsinvestors/producers and related policy instruments
� An enabling policy and institutional environment, with
sound and flexible policies and means to implement them;
� Proper impact monitoring and evaluation
The FAO Support Package for Sustainable Bioenergy: Making The FAO Support Package for Sustainable Bioenergy: Making Bioenergy Work for Climate, Energy and Food SecurityBioenergy Work for Climate, Energy and Food Security
WH
AT
TO
DO
Define Sustainability Principles
DST: A Roadmap to Sustainable Bioenergy
HO
W T
O D
O IT
BEFS/BIAS: Getting
Facts Right to make
the Right Choices
BEFSCI:
Implementing Good
Practice and
Policies
Monitoring impacts at country level through
GBEP sustainability indicators
Decision Support Tool for Sustainable Bioenergy Decision Support Tool for Sustainable Bioenergy –– Strategy Strategy StrategyStrategy
Define the project proposal and identify relevant stakeholders
Is the project located in a high risk area?Proceed only if project is modified or appropriate
mitigation measures adopted
What will be the likely impacts
on food insecurity?
What will be the likely impacts on
the environment?
What will be the likely social and
economic impacts?
Yes
No
If no strategy
exists Is the project consistent with the strategy?
Yes
No
DST Investment Level Decision TreeDST Investment Level Decision Tree
on food insecurity? the environment? economic impacts?
Can mitigation measures be put in place in
order to manage negative impacts?
Is the project financially viable including mitigation costs?
Have all relevant stakeholder concerns been addressed? Have trade offs
been addressed in a transparent manner? Is compensation being paid?
Yes
ProceedDon’t
Proceed
Some Negative Impacts
No
No
Yes
No
Design
Revise and Reappraise
DesignYes
APPROVAL
No Negative Impacts
The BEFS Analytical Framework to Inform Policy Making
Four core components of the BEFS Analytical Framework (BEFS AF)
1. Diagnostic analysis- Agricultural outlook
2. Natural resource analysis- Land assessment
- Water resource management
- Woody biomass and residues
Agriculture baseline?
Natural resource
availability and
constraints?- Woody biomass and residues
3. Techno-economic and environmental analysis- Biofuel production costs
- Greenhouse gas emissions
4. Socio-economic analysis- Economy-wide impacts
- Household food security & vulnerability
Supporting governments in national biofuel policy development
constraints?
Economically viable and competitive?
Impacts on national
economy? Vulnerable
groups?
Ex-ante and Ex-post tools of the Bioenergy and Food Security Criteria and Indicators
Project (BEFSCI)
Ex-ante approach Ex-post approach(i.e. before the sector develops) (i.e. after the sector has developed)
Risk Prevention and Management Tool
Impact Assessment and Policy Response Tool
Ex ante tool: promoting Good Practices and related Policy Instruments (BEFSCI)
Good practices to mitigate risks and increase opportunities of bioenergy productionproduction
Policy instruments: incentives for “good” practices and disincentives for “bad” practices (i.e. carrot + stick)
BEFSCI Risk Prevention and Management Tool
Good practices that bioenergyfeedstock producers may implement to mitigate risks and increase opportunities of bioenergy production
Policy instruments to mitigate risks and increase opportunities of bioenergydevelopment, e.g. incentives for the “good” practices - and disincentives for the “bad” practices (i.e. carrot + stick)
BEFSCI Impact Assess. and Policy Response Tool
Science-based criteria, indicators and tools to assess the impacts of bioenergydevelopment on food security
Policy responses to mitigate the negative impacts of bioenergyproduction and/or to safeguard the areas and groups most negatively affected by these impacts
BEFSCI – Some Operational Advantages
� Precautionary principle: Takes impacts as likely. So no
need to measure them ex-ante and can focus on good
practice implementation
� Comprehensive synopsis of good practices
� First sustainability tool that looks at policy measures, and
combines these with good practices
� Allows for the use of performance indicators (concerning
good practice implementation), in addition to impact
indicators
Integrated Food-Energy Systems Two types
Type 1: Optimising land use efficiency through
the combination of food and energy production
same land or landscapeJatropha-livestock, Vietnam
Type 2: Biomass use optimisation through
recycling of all by-products
Pig-biogas system - Vietnam
GBEP - 24 SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS agreed by 23 countries & 13 international organizations
involving a total of 45 countries and 23 int. organizations (Ps & Os)
PILLARS
Environmental Social Economic
INDICATORS
1. Life-cycle GHG emissions 9. Allocation and tenure of land for new
bioenergy production
17. Productivity
2. Soil quality 10. Price and supply of a national food
basket
18. Net energy balance
3. Harvest levels of wood resources 11. Change in income 19. Gross value added3. Harvest levels of wood resources 11. Change in income 19. Gross value added
4. Emissions of non-GHG air
pollutants, including air toxics
12. Jobs in the bioenergy sector 20. Change in consumption of fossil
fuels and traditional use of biomass
5. Water use and efficiency 13. Change in unpaid time spent by
women and children collecting biomass
21. Training and re-qualification of the
workforce
6. Water quality 14. Bioenergy used to expand access to
modern energy services
22. Energy diversity
7. Biological diversity in the landscape 15. Change in mortality and burden of
disease attributable to indoor smoke
23. Infrastructure and logistics for
distribution of bioenergy
8. Land use and land-use change
related to bioenergy feedstock
production
16. Incidence of occupational injury,
illness and fatalities
24. Capacity and flexibility of use of
bioenergy
Where does the FAO Support Package Fit
• National AssessmentDST/BEFS
• Policy Development & Good DST/BEFS & • Policy Development & Good Practice Implementation
DST/BEFS & BEFSCI
• Impact Monitoring & Policy Response
BEFSCI/GBEP
Key message on bioenergy/biofuels
....per se biofuels are
neither good nor badneither good nor bad
...what matters is the way they are managed !
Beyond Bioenergy - Need to Address the Ingredients
of a “Perfect Storm” in Food Systems
� The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Additional 50%
food – mostly from yield increase, 40% water and
40% energy in 2030
� Natural resource asset already stressed� Natural resource asset already stressed
� Impacts of Climate Change
Need to be “ EnergyNeed to be “ Energy--Smart”: “Do More with Smart”: “Do More with less” and Be Innovativeless” and Be Innovative
Energy FOR and FROM the Agri-Food Chain
Consumption
- Energy
- Soil
- Water
- Seeds
- Pesticides
- Energy
- Grazing
land/Culture
water
- Feed
- Freshwater
- Energy
- Water
- Chemicals
- Machinery
Processing/
Packaging
- Energy
- Infrastructure
(roads, buildings,
etc)
- Trucks
Crop Production
Re
sou
rce
in
pu
ts
Ine
ffic
ien
cie
s
Transportation /
Distribution
Livestock/ Fish
Production
- Energy
-Appliances
Up to farm gate Farm gate to plate
- Animal/organic
waste disposal
- Soil/water
contamination
- Losses due to
cleaning /spoiling
of products
Wa
sta
ge
s /
Ine
ffic
ien
cie
s
- Spoilage due to
distance and
time to markets
- Long
refrigeration
times
- Heat
Production
- Wastage of
food residues
- Unbalanced
diets
- Soil/water
depletion and
contamination
- Biodiversity
loss
- Crop losses
due to pests
- Nutrient-rich
effluents
- Food residues
- Solid organic
waste
- Heat
Energy in the Agri-Food Chain
Consumption
- Energy
- Soil
- Water
- Seeds
- Pesticides
- Energy
- Grazing
land/Culture
water
- Feed
- Freshwater
- Energy
- Water
- Chemicals
- Machinery
Processing/
Packaging
- Energy
- Infrastructure
(roads, buildings,
etc)
- Trucks
Crop Production
Re
sou
rce
in
pu
ts
Ine
ffic
ien
cie
s
Transportation /
Distribution
Livestock/ Fish
Production
- Energy
-Appliances
Conventional yield increase is highly dependent on (now
expensive) fossil fuels
Up to farm gate Farm gate to plate
- Animal/organic
waste disposal
- Soil/water
contamination
- Losses due to
cleaning /spoiling
of products
Wa
sta
ge
s /
Ine
ffic
ien
cie
s
- Spoilage due to
distance and
time to markets
- Long
refrigeration
times
- Heat
Production
- Wastage of
food residues
- Unbalanced
diets
- Soil/water
depletion and
contamination
- Biodiversity
loss
- Crop losses
due to pests
- Nutrient-rich
effluents
- Food residues
- Solid organic
waste
- Heat
Energy in the Agri-Food Chain
Consumption
- Energy
- Soil
- Water
- Seeds
- Pesticides
- Energy
- Grazing
land/Culture
water
- Feed
- Freshwater
- Energy
- Water
- Chemicals
- Machinery
Processing/
Packaging
- Energy
- Infrastructure
(roads, buildings,
etc)
- Trucks
Crop Production
Re
sou
rce in
pu
ts
Ine
ffic
ien
cies
Transportation /
Distribution
Livestock/ Fish
- Energy
-Appliances
Up to farm gate Farm gate to plate
- Animal/organic
waste disposal
- Soil/water
contamination
- Losses due to
cleaning /spoiling
of products
Wast
age
s /
Ine
ffic
ien
cies
- Spoilage due to
distance and
time to markets
- Long
refrigeration
times
- Heat
Livestock/ Fish
Production
- Wastage of
food residues
- Unbalanced
diets
- Soil/water
depletion and
contamination
- Biodiversity
loss
- Crop losses
due to pests
- Nutrient-rich
effluents
- Food residues
- Solid organic
waste
- Heat
High loss of embedded energy in all inefficiencies/wastage (about 30%
food loss globally)
� Better energy efficiency/”Do more with less”
through better agricultural practices and reduce
embedded energy losses related to food
wastage
What to do – Promote “Energy-Smart Food for
People and Climate”
� Energy substitution through increased use of
renewable energy in agrifood systems
� Better Access to Modern Energy Services
How to do it: Trough a Multi-Partner Programme on
“Energy Smart Food for People and Climate”
RIO+20 / FAO GEA
Pillar 1: Energy
efficiency in Agri-
Food SystemsAGECC
RecommendationsFAO in UN-ENERGY
Goal: To enhance the contribution
of energy for and from agriculture to
Pillar 2:
Renewable
energy in Agri-
Food Systems
Pillar 3: Bioenergy
and other REs to
enhance access
to energy for RD
2012 Year ofAccess to Energy
for AllMDGs
of energy for and from agriculture to
‘climate smart’ agri-food systems
and rural development
2012 Year ofAccess to Energy
for All
COP 17
Interested to join FAO in promoting � Sustainable Bioenergy? � Energy-Smart Food for People and
Climate? Climate?
Please let us know!
