Introduction 2 Smart Design

2

What is smart design?• Everything is designed except

nature• The packaging of a Band-Aid• The curve of a bike frame• The shape of a city street light

• Smart designs include a microprocessor (i.e. – a small computer)

• Logic gives the design “intelligence”

• Code is the language used

3

Arduino• Arduino’s are the baby of the

desktop/laptop era• Small portable computer

(microprocessor + inputs/outputs)• Programmed using Arduino Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)• Inputs (instead of mouse and keyboard)

• Buttons, flex sensors, etc.• Outputs (instead of monitor and speakers)

• Motors, LEDs, etc.

4

SparkFun Inventor Kit• SparkFun Inventor Kit (SIK)

compiles many components to interface with the Arduino

• Inputs produce voltages to be read by the Arduino

• Outputs are controlled using voltages produced by the Arduino

• Smart Design teaching tool!

5

Computer CodeLanguage Code Examples Description

Nouns VariablesIntegers (int)

Booleans (boolean)Letters (char)

Variables hold data of certain types like numbers/arrays/letters

Verbs StructuresIf, else, endFor…end

While…end

Structures cause action. They can create loops, create switches, or define cases.

AdjectivesComparison Operators

Equal to (==)Less than (<)

Greater than (<)

Comparison operators describe variables in order to make logic based decisions

AdverbsArithmetic Operators

Addition (+)Multiplication (*)

Division (/)

Arithmetic operators describe the action occurring between two variables

Punctuation SyntaxSemicolons (;)Brackets ({})

Parentheses ()

Syntax groups and separates code in discernible segments.

6

Variables• Variable = Noun

• Variables are the subject of the code (person/place/thing)

• Variables are distinguished by type• Integers - int are whole numbers between [-

32768,32768]• Boolean – boolean are either a true (1) or false (0)• Letters – char are alphabet letters between [A-Z]• Any many more – see Reference

7

Variables• Variables store information

• Write value to variable

• Read value from variable

8

Structures• Structures = Verbs

• Give the code motion/action• Structures provide various actions

• For loops – repeats statements within loop for a certain number of times

• If/else statements –tests to see if an equation is satisfied, then directs code to appropriate statements

• While loops – repeat statements within loop until condition is met

9

Structures

1. What is a for loop that you notice in your daily life?

2. What is an if/else statement that you notice in your daily life?

QUIZ!

10

Structures

1. What is a for loop that you notice in your daily life?- Microwave 30second timer- Traffic lights turning green, then yellow, then red

2. What is an if/else statement that you notice in your daily life?

- Alarm clock turning on at 6:26am- Street lights turning on at night

Examples?

Comparison Operators

11

• Comparison Operators = adjectives• Describe variables by comparing to other values

• Comparison operators are mathematical inequality terms and return a boolean variable

• Equal to (==) – asks if two values are equal• Not equal to (!=) – asks if two values are not equal• Less/Greater than (< / >) – asks if one variable is

less/greater than another• Any many more – see Reference

12

Arithmetic Operators• Arithmetic Operators = adverbs

• Describe the action occurring between two variables• Arithmetic operators are mathematical operators between

numeric variables• Addition (+) – you know what this means…• Multiplication (*) – you know what this means…• Division (/) – you know what this means…• Any many more – see Reference

13

Syntax• Syntax = punctuation

• Groups and separates code in discernible segments• Syntax is required by computers in order to decipher the

meaning of each line of code• Semicolons (;) – ends a statement and will prevent

complier errors• Curly Braces ({}) – defines begin/end of various

structures including for loops, if/else statements, and functions

• Parentheses () – many uses including defining order of operation in an equation, indicating arguments for a function, etc.

• Any many more – see Reference

14

Functions• Functions = paragraphs

• Short sequence of code with specific purpose/action• Functions provide another method to organize code into

discernible sections. Allows for easy reuse of code• Commonly used functions

• digitalWrite() – write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin (i.e. – output a voltage of 5V or 0V)

• analogRead() – read an analog signal and digitize using 10-bit analog to digital converter (i.e. – map input voltages [0-5V] to integers [0-1023]

• delay() – pauses the program for the specified amount of time

• Any many more – see Reference. Lots!!

15

Color Code

Variables

Structures

Comparison Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Syntax

Functions

• Color code the following section of code so that all characters are colored

QUIZ!