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Introduction. Fan Wu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Spring 2013. Operating Systems. Operating Systems. UNIX-family: BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution), System-V, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, MINIX - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CS307 Operating Systems Introduction Fan Wu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Spring 2013
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Page 1: Introduction

CS307 Operating Systems

Introduction

Fan WuDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Spring 2013

Page 2: Introduction

2Operating Systems

Operating Systems

Page 3: Introduction

3Operating Systems

Operating Systems

UNIX-family: BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution), System-V, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, MINIX

Linux-family: Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Linux Mint, Google's Android , WebOS, Meego

OS X, iOS, Darwin

MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Windows Mobile, Win-CE, WP8

AmigaOS

Symbian, MeeGo

Google Chrome OS

OS/2

XrossMediaBar(XMB) for PS3, Input Output System for Wii

Tiny-OS, LynxOS, QNX, VxWorks

Page 4: Introduction

4Operating Systems

Four Components of a Computer System

provides basic computing resources

Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users

System programs are computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application programs

Application programs define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users

People, machines, other computers

Page 5: Introduction

5Operating Systems

Computer System Structure Hardware – provides basic computing resources

CPU, memory, I/O devices

Operating system – Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users

System programs – are computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application programs

BIOS and device drivers

Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users

Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games

Users

People, machines, other computers

Page 6: Introduction

6Operating Systems

What is an Operating System?

An operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware

A program that acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware

Operating system goals:

Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier

Make the computer system convenient to use

Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner

Page 7: Introduction

7Operating Systems

Operating System Definition

OS is a resource allocator

Manages all resources

Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use

OS is a control program

Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer

Page 8: Introduction

8Operating Systems

Operating System Definition (Cont.)

No universally accepted definition

“Everything a vendor ships when you order an operating system” is good approximation

But varies wildly

“The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel. Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program.

“An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides common services for execution of various application software.” --- From Wikipedia

Page 9: Introduction

9Operating Systems

Operating System Structures

Page 10: Introduction

10Operating Systems

Virtual Machines

(a) Bare Machine (b) Virtual Machine

Page 11: Introduction

11Operating Systems

•File-System Interface

•File-System Implementation

•Mass-Storage Structure

•I/O Systems

•Processes

•Threads

•CPU Scheduling

•Process Synchronization

•Deadlocks

Course Outline

•Main Memory

•Virtual Memory

DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

Page 12: Introduction

12Operating Systems

Process Scheduling

Page 13: Introduction

13Operating Systems

Single and Multithreaded Processes

Page 14: Introduction

14Operating Systems

CPU Scheduling

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) Scheduling

Shortest-Job-First (SJF) Scheduling

Priority Scheduling

Round-Robin Scheduling

Multilevel Queue Scheduling

Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling

Page 15: Introduction

15Operating Systems

Process Synchronization

Dining-Philosophers Problem

Philosophers spend their lives thinking and eating

Don’t interact with their neighbors, occasionally try to pick up 2 chopsticks (one at a time) to eat from bowl

Need both to eat, then release both when done

In the case of 5 philosophers

Shared data

Bowl of rice (data set)

Semaphore chopstick [5] initialized to 1

Page 16: Introduction

16Operating Systems

Deadlock AvoidanceExample of Banker’s Algorithm

5 processes P0 through P4;

3 resource types:

A (10 instances), B (5 instances), and C (7 instances)

Snapshot at time T0:

Max Allocation Need Available

A B C A B C A B C A B C

P0 7 5 3 0 1 0 7 4 3 3 3 2

P1 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2

P2 9 0 2 3 0 2 6 0 0

P3 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 1

P4 4 3 3 0 0 2 4 3 1 The system is in a safe state since the sequence < P1, P3, P0, P2, P4>

satisfies safety criteria

Page 17: Introduction

17Operating Systems

Memory Management

Paging Hardware

Page 18: Introduction

18Operating Systems

Virtual Memory Management

Page 19: Introduction

19Operating Systems

Mass-Storage Systems

cylindersector

block

0

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ……

Page 20: Introduction

20Operating Systems

File-System

Combined Scheme with UNIX I-node

Page 21: Introduction

21Operating Systems

I/O Systems

Page 22: Introduction

22Operating Systems

Distributed System Structure

Page 23: Introduction

23Operating Systems

Homework

Reading

Chapter 1: Introduction


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