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Introduction

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Introduction. Introduction. A computer system consists of hardware system programs application programs. What is an Operating System. It is an extended machine Hides the messy details which must be performed Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use It is a resource manager - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1 Introduction
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Page 1: Introduction

1

Introduction

Page 2: Introduction

2

Introduction

• A computer system consists of– hardware– system programs– application programs

Page 3: Introduction

3

What is an Operating System

• It is an extended machine– Hides the messy details which must be performed– Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use

• It is a resource manager– Each program gets time with the resource– Each program gets space on the resource

Page 4: Introduction

4

History of Operating Systems (1)

Early batch system– bring cards to 1401– read cards to tape– put tape on 7094 which does computing– put tape on 1401 which prints output

Page 5: Introduction

5

History of Operating Systems (2)

• First generation 1945 - 1955– vacuum tubes, plug boards

• Second generation 1955 - 1965– transistors, batch systems

• Third generation 1965 – 1980– ICs and multiprogramming

• Fourth generation 1980 – present– personal computers

Page 6: Introduction

6

History of Operating Systems (4)

• Multiprogramming system – three jobs in memory – 3rd generation

Page 7: Introduction

7

The Operating System Zoo

• Mainframe operating systems

• Server operating systems

• Multiprocessor operating systems

• Personal computer operating systems

• Real-time operating systems

• Embedded operating systems

• Smart card operating systems

Page 8: Introduction

8

Computer Hardware Review (1)

• Components of a simple personal computer

Monitor

Bus

Page 9: Introduction

9

Computer Hardware Review (2)

(a) A three-stage pipeline(b) A superscalar CPU

Page 10: Introduction

10

Computer Hardware Review (3)

• Typical memory hierarchy– numbers shown are rough approximations

Page 11: Introduction

11

Computer Hardware Review (4)

Structure of a disk drive

Page 12: Introduction

12

Computer Hardware Review (6)

(a) Steps in starting an I/O device and getting interrupt(b) How the CPU is interrupted

(a) (b)

Page 13: Introduction

13

Computer Hardware Review (7)

Structure of a large Pentium system

Page 14: Introduction

14

Operating System Concepts (1)

• A process tree– A created two child processes, B and C– B created three child processes, D, E, and F

Page 15: Introduction

15

Operating System Concepts (2)

(a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock.

Page 16: Introduction

16

Operating System Concepts (3)

File system for a university department

Page 17: Introduction

17

Operating System Concepts (4)

• Before mounting, – files on floppy are inaccessible

• After mounting floppy on b,– files on floppy are part of file hierarchy

Page 18: Introduction

18

Operating System Concepts (5)

Two processes connected by a pipe

Page 19: Introduction

19

System Calls (4)

(a) File system before the mount

(b) File system after the mount

Page 20: Introduction

20

Operating System Structure (1)

Simple structuring model for a monolithic system

Page 21: Introduction

21

Operating System Structure (2)

Structure of the THE operating system

Page 22: Introduction

22

Operating System Structure (3)

Structure of VM/370 with CMS

Page 23: Introduction

23

Operating System Structure (4)

The client-server model

Page 24: Introduction

24

Operating System Structure (5)

The client-server model in a distributed system

Page 25: Introduction

25

Metric Units

The metric prefixes


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