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Introduction

Internet Concepts

and

Scientific Literature Resources

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Instructions

This part of the course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Internet concepts.

This part of the module is off-line and intended as an information resource for reference use.

This part of the module should be taken before using the live tutorial.

MODULE 1 Internet Concepts

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Topics

– Basic Internet Concepts– History of the Internet– Structure of the Internet– Types of Information – Evaluation of Information– Search Tools & Techniques– Researching Health/Biomedical Information– Managing Internet Resources– Summary

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Basic Internet Terminology

• What is the Internet?– Network of Computer Networks– Telecommunications– Protocols– Uses

• Information Networks– Libraries– Research Centers

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Internet Protocols & Uses

• E-mail

• TCP/IP

• FTP

• HTML

• HTTP

• TELNET

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Network of Information Networks

• Library Networks– Local - A university, hospital, or research institute– Regional – A group of universities– National - A country wide network– International –

• The WHO Library http://www.who.int/library/• Hellis – http://www.hellis.org (Network of Health

Science Libraries Across Asia)

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Here is the homepage of the WHO Library.

WHO Library Website

http://www.who.int/library/

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The Internet Address or URL

This page is being viewed in the Internet Explorer Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML

The Address or URL is typed in here.

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Entering a URL address in the address box

After Entering a URL address in the address box click ok “go” or hit the RETURN key. In this example we have entered http://www.who.int for the WHO website

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Hypertext links

Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

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Forward and back navigation buttons

The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move back and forward to pages within the website.

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Home page button

The house icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page.

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Types of Information

• Library Catalogues• Multimedia• Reference Tools• Journals, Newspapers & Magazines• Databases

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Sources of Information

• Academic Institutions

• Government Agencies

• Publishers– Commercial - Proprietary Databases– Non Profit

• Professional organizations-• International Agencies- http://www.who.int/tdr/

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Internet Search tools

• Which search tools are needed?– Directories– Search Engines– Meta Search Engines– Invisible or Deep Web

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Directories

• What is a Directory?– A file used to organize internet resources

into categories.– Types of Directories

• General-– Cover many subjects

• http://www.yahoo.com• Subject Directories.

– Cover specific subjects

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Search Engines

• Search Engines– What are search engines?– Components of a search engine– Search Options

• Search Box : Google- http://www.google.com• Natural Language : http://sp.ask.com/docs/help/

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The Google search engine

This is the Google search engine. Type your query into the Google search box and click on the “Google Search” button

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Search results on Google

This is how Google presents the results of your search. Follow the links to the websites you wish to visit.

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Meta Search Engines

• What is a Meta Search Engine?

• Examples– Dogpile

• http://www.dogpile.com/

– Metacrawler • http://www.metacrawler.com/index.html

– OAIster - http://www.oaister.org/

• Why Use Meta Search Engines?

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Why Use Meta Search Engines• Meta Search Engines search multiple sets of

individual search engines and web directories simultaneously.

• They provide a quick way for finding out which search engines are retrieving the best results for a search.

• They usually return a list drawn from the top of search engine lists, the results tend to be more relevant.

• Use a meta Search Engine for:– Locating information quickly on a simple topic– Locate a persons’s

• Sample: Search- MetaCrawler for information about DR.Kitua

• Search for TDR on Metacrawler.

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Invisible Web or Deep Web

• What is the Invisible Web?– http://library.rider.edu/scholarly/rlackie/Invis

ible/Inv_Web.html– http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/G

uides/Internet/InvisibleWeb.html

• Invisible Web Directories– http://www.invisible-web.net/– http://infomine.ucr.edu/

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Web Search Techniques

• Searching– Which Tools?

• Types of Searches– Browsing– Keyword Searching– Full Text Searching

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Boolean Searching

• Full Boolean Searching

• Predetermined language in a user fill-in template.

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Full Boolean Searching

• Use Logic Operators– AND– OR– NOT

• Relevancy Ranking

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AND Operator

• Query- Information on Malaria AND Parasite

Malaria Parasite

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OR Operator

• Query- Malaria OR Parasite

Malaria Parasite

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NOT Operator

• Parasite NOT Malaria

ParasiteMalaria

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Advanced Searching Techniques -Tips

• Truncation

• Proximity Searching– Phrase searching– Near operator.

• Case sensitivity

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More Search Techniques

• Field Specific Searching– Title– Date– URL

• Language Restrictions

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Evaluating Web Information

• Criteria for Evaluation• Accuracy• Authority• Currency• Coverage• Objectivity

• Criteria for evaluating Health Information– http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/evaluatinghe

althinformation.html

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Free Internet Resources

• Full-text• Ready reference material• Library Catalogues• Journals• Government Information• Research Databases• Publishers Databases• Discussion groups• News

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Sources for Full Text

• Directory of Open Access Journals - http://www.doaj.org/

• Health Internetwork – http://www.healthinternetwork.org

• Institutional Archives e.g. http://archives.eprints.org/

• BioLine International - http://www.bioline.org.br/

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Health Information on the Internet

• Directories– http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Medicine/

Subject Directories– Health Directories

• Databases - http://omni.ac.uk/– Health

• Electronic Journals

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Databases

• Government– http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hinfo.html

• International Health Organizations– http://whqwings.who.int/RIS/RISWEB.isa

• http://www.who.int/tdr/topmenu/databases.htm

– Educational Institutions• http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl

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Searching within the NLM website

This is the National Library of Medicine (NLM) database. You can search the site from the Search Box.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hinfo.html

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HireWire Press free article database

This the HireWire Press free article database. Users have access to over 740,000 full text articles.

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Journals

• http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/• http://www.biomedcentral.com• http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/• http://bmj.com/• http://www.doaj.org/• http://dmoz.org/Health/Medicine/Journals/• http://www.inasp.org.uk/ajol/index.html

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FreeMedicalJournals.com

FreeMedicalJournals.com lists journals sites that make their content free to all users. Journals are listed by A-Z, speciality, and language.

http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/

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BioMed Central

BioMed Central is an open access publisher that makes access to published articles freely available to the public. The journals are funded by an author pays model.

http://www.biomedcentral.com/

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PubMed Central

PubMed Central is a free archive of articles that have been deposited in this free repository.

http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/

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Fee-Based Internet Resources

• Reference Titles

• Periodical Indexes

• Electronic Journals

• Electronic Text Books

• Online Databases

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Managing Internet Resources

• Bookmarks– What is a Bookmark?

• Netscape

• Favorites• Internet Explorer

• Offline Activity

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Adding favorites 1

To add a page to Favorites click on the link on the Tool bar.

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Adding favorites 2

You can now give your new Favorite a name.

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Adding favorites 3

When you select favorites from the tool bar you can see that your page has been added to the list.

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This is the end of Module 1

This is the end of Module 1

There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples.