Introduction

Conservation of momentum

Fam inertia pressure/gravity

viscous

Flows and force balances

•1. Slow flow in a slot

•2. Oscillating slow flow

•3. Small-amplitude waves

•4. Fast flow away from an object

•5. Fast flow near an object

•a. inertia ~ pressure/gravity

•b. viscous ~ inertia ~ pressure

•c. viscous ~ inertia

•d. viscous ~ pressure

Viscous flow in a slot or pipe

U

Flow driven by a pressure gradient Flow driven by a moving wall

Viscous slot flow: extensions

Groundwater

Glacier movement

Flow in the mantle

Viscous slot flow: extensions

Sediment transport

Particle settling

Swimming of organisms

Turbulent flow in a slot or pipe

Transition to turbulence“Law of the wall”

Turbulent pipe flow: extensions

Open channel flowGlacier movement

Flow in vegetated channels

Municipal hydraulics

Unsteady viscous flow

U

Impulsively started plate Oscillating plate

U

Unsteady viscous flow: extensions

River mixing

Waves

Surface waves of small amplitude

Waves: extensions

Internal waves

Wave spectra

Solitary waves

Boundary layers

Boundary layers: extensions

Gravity currents and salt wedges

Jets & plumes Diffusive BL in a lakeBiofilms