IntroductionAudience:
10th grade Biology StudentsBIOLOGY A – UNIT Cell Biology
Objectives:Students will understand the organelles and their specific functions that are inside of eukaryotic cells.
Here we go……………………• You are going to be exploring inside
the cell.• You are going to learn WHAT is in there
and what each organelle DOES!!!
Cell Characteristics• The basic processes necessary for living things
to survive are the same for a single cell as they are for a more complex organism.
• A single-celled organism has to conduct all life processes by itself.
• A multi-cellular organism has groups of cells that specialize to perform specific functions.
Cell CharacteristicsCell Organization• In multicellular eukaryotes, cells
organize into tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally organisms.
Cell Characteristics• All cells contain:• Genetic material
– single circular molecule of DNA in prokaryotes
– double helix located in nucleus in eukaryotes
• Cytoplasm jelly-like substance that fills the cells interior
• Plasma membrane encloses the cell– – phospholipid bilayer
Cell Size• Most cells are relatively
small because as size increases, volume increases much more rapidly.– longer diffusion time
Visualizing Cells
Let’s check out the size of cells Check out Cell Sizes
• Click on the above site and check out the different sizes of cells.
Lets Take a Quick Second to Review
True or False
The basic processes necessary for living things to survive are different for a single cell than a more complex organism.
TRUE FALSE
CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got it right!!!
Sorry!!Wrong Answer – Try Again!
Another true and false ?• A single-celled organism has to
conduct all life processes by itself.
TRUE FALSE
CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got it right!!!
SORRYHmmm….try again!
Review cont.Fill in the blankA multi-cellular organisms has groups of _________
that specialize to perform specific functions.A.CellsB.AtomsC.Molecules
Correct!Cells is the right
answer!
Great Job!!!
Sorry!Try again…think
about what we are learning about today!
Nucleus• Stores genetic material• Contains DNA• site where RNA is made• Nucleolus: Chromatin and• ribosomal subunits• Nuclear envelope:
– Double membrane with pores• Largest organelle• BRAIN of the cell – controls
protein synthesis
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus Cont.• Go to the site below and check out a
virtual cell http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIyLrpRDrB8
Let’s Review the NucleusNucleus stores ______________• A. genetic material• B. DNA• C. RNA• D. All of the above
Correct!• Sweet!
Sorry!!Wrong Answer – Try Again!
Ribosomes• Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
composed of two subunits that join and attach to messenger RNA.– site of protein synthesis– assembled in nucleolus
Ribosomes
Ribosomes• Click hereFor a more in depth reading on
Ribosomes, also check out the You Tube video “Bacterial ribosome translating RNA into Protein”
Endoplasmic reticulum– transports materials through the cell
• Rough ER - studded with ribosomes–Attached to nuclear membrane– site of protein synthesis and processing
• Smooth ER - lacks ribosomes– site of synthesis of phospholipids and the
packaging of proteins into vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
More on ER……• http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/er.ht
m
• Let’s check on cells alive again..this time we are going to look at endoplasmic reticulum.
ReviewWhich organelle is the site for
protein synthesis?a. Nucleusb. Golgi Apparatusc. Ribosome
CORRECT• Awesome Job!
You are exactly right. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis!
SORRY!Try again!
ReviewWhich endoplasmic reticulum is
studded with ribosomes?
ROUGH or SMOOTH
CORRECTYou are EXACTLY
right!! Smooth LACKS ribosomes and the Rough is studded with ribosomes making it appear rough.
SORRY! Try again!
Remember what each one looks like.
Golgi apparatus– collection of Golgi
bodies• Stacked flattened
sacks• Site where cell
products are packaged for export• Proteins are
modified by being combined with fats or carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus– Vesicles then pinch
off from the Golgi body to be secreted (outside the cell)
– Involved in the production of lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
ReviewThe Golgi Apparatus is involved in
the production of?a.Ribosomesb.Lysosomesc.Endoplasmic Reticulum
CORRECTYou are exactly right!
The Golgi Apparatus produces lysosomes and is the site where products are packaged for export out of the cell.
Sorry!Try again. Wrong answer.
Lysosomes• vesicles produced by the
Golgi apparatus.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion of food particles, disease causing bacteria and worn out cell parts
Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell" - cellular metabolism Structure- outer and inner membranes, cristae Found in both plant and animal cells Very active cells have more mitochondria
Cell Membrane• controls what enters
and leaves the cell • Found in ALL cells• Phospholipid bilayer
with transport proteins, and cholesterol (for flexibility)
Which organelle is this?• Lysosomes• Golgi Apparatus• Nucleus• Cell Membrane
Correct• You are exactly
right! The Golgi Apparatus produces lysosomes and is the site where products are packaged for export out of the cell.
Try again• Hint….a packaging apparatus!
CELLS ALIVE• To give you some time to absorb
what you have learned about the organelles, explore CellsAlive.com and take the quiz on cells.
Almost done….• Check out
http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/index.htm
• It is a virtual cell….check out all of the organelles…
Great Job Today!!!!• Now you know all of the organelles
that make up a cell and what they do.
