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Introduction
North Africa/Southwest Asia (also known as the Middle east) is an excellent example of a region: although is made up of countries on two continents, it is still considered a region because the people in the area share many things, especially religion
Ten Geographic Qualities 1. World’s great
ancient culture hearth
2. Source region or hearth for several religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam)
Ten Geographic Qualities
3. Islam Predominates (main culture and religion of the area)
4. Arab World– Semitic- family of languages
native to West Asia but are know through out southwest Asia and North Africa
5. Population is clustered around water
Ten Geographic Qualities
6. Desert denominates Environment and the way people live
7. Central Area between 3 continents (Asia, Africa, Europe)
8. Volatile area with conflicts – disputes religion & boundary frictions
Ten Geographic Qualities 9. Center of
superpower chess game
10. Petroleum (Oil) - a key economic resource
Relative Location of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Centrally located between Europe, Asia & Africa
East of the Atlantic ocean, west of the Indian ocean and southeast of Mediterranean sea
Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Main Physical features IncludePlate TectonicsPlateaus and Peninsula'sDesertsMountainsRivers, Seas, and Gulfs
Physical Geography Plate Tectonics
– Clashing Plates Arabian Plate into
Eurasian Plate– Separating Plates
Arabian Plate pulling apart from African Plate
– Red Sea spreading
Physical Geography
Plateaus - Anatolian Highland
Peninsula's – Arabian peninsula,
Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Deserts
– The Sahara Desert – North Africa
– The Saudi Arabian Desert- Arabian Peninsula
– The Libyan Desert- in-between Libya, Egypt and Sudan
Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Mountains– Atlas Mountains– Zagros Mountains. – Taurus Mountains– Ahagger Mountains– Pontic Mountains– Elburz Mountains
Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Rivers & Sea– The Nile River– The Tigris & Euphrates Rivers– The Jordan River– The Red Sea
Gulfs - – Persian Gulf, – Gulf of Suez, – Gulf of Aden– Gulf of Oman
Physical Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest
Asia
Climate of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Climates– Desert– Semiarid – Mediterranean – Humid subtropical – Highland
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest
Asia– Population– Languages– Religion– Agriculture– Economics/– Urban
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Population– 300 million– concentrations along
the Nile, Euphrates and Tigris & Coasts
– low overall population due to desert climate
– very high growth rates in Gaza
Northern Africa Population Characteristics
– Birth rates 29/1000– Death rates 8/1000– Natural Increase 2.2/1000– Infant Mortality 59/1000– Doubling Time 32 yrs– Pop <15 39%– Pop > 65 4 %
Southwest Asia Population Characteristics
– Birth rates 28/1000– Death rates 7/1000– Natural Increase 2.2/1000– Infant Mortality 54/1000– Doubling Time 32 yrs– Pop <15 37 %– Pop > 65 5 %
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Languages– Unified by Arabic
Language - An Afro-Asiatic Language
– Hebrew spoken in Israel
– Tribal languages spoken in remote areas of North Africa
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Religion– Main religion in the
region: Islam– Christianity, and
Judaism are also found in the region.
– Religious landscapes of mosques, minarets, distinctive non-revealing clothing
– Muslim - a follower of Islam
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Religion– Islamic
Divisions Sunni
Islam Shite
Islam (Iran)
Religion– Three major monotheistic religions were founded in Southwest
Asia Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
– All three Claim Jerusalem (capitol of Israel) as a Holy place for different reasons
– Judaism For Jews Jerusalem is the capitol of Israel and their modern and ancient
homeland
– Christianity For Christians Jerusalem is the place where Jesus Christ was crucified
– Islam For Muslims it is the 3rd holiest site for the faith because the Dome of Rock
is located their where Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad ascended into Heaven
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
The Effects of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in North Africa and
Southwest Asia
How has the culture in North Africa and Southwest Asia been affected by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?– These religions are the main religions throughout
the region with Islam being the main religion– Traditions and customs of these three religions
are carried out in everyday life of the people in the region
– Religious conflicts are throughout the region
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Agriculture– commercial farming in Israel
Farming enough to sell crops
Mediterranean climate yielding citrus, avocados & ranching
– Nomadic Herding dominates the region Nomadic: Moving from place to place
Bedouins– Desertification
An expansion of dry conditions to moist areas that are next to areas, causing them to become desert land
Cultural Geography of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Economy– oil dominated industry– Regional Imbalances
Oil and Non-oil states (“haves” versus “have-nots”)
The Impact of Oil Industrialization Regional disparities Foreign Investment High Incomes Modernization The Creation on OPEC(Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries)– eleven oil-producing and exporting countries, from
Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America created in 1960 by oil producing countries to create policies on selling petroleum products
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Regions of Northern Africa & Southwest Asia
Egypt & the Nile River Basin Maghreb Arabian Peninsula Middle East The North
Egypt & the Nile Basin- Egypt and Sudan- rely on the Nile River- 95% of Egypt’s 71 million people live within 12 miles the Nile
The Maghreb (means west)
Western Mediterranean region of coastal North Africa, includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, dominated by the Atlas mountains main physical feature in area
Arabian Peninsula Includes
– Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab of Emirates
– Abundance of oil in the area
Middle East Includes
– Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine territory
– North of Saudi Arabia, south of Turkey, includes Syrian desert
– Center of conflict between Christians, Jews, and Muslims,
– Sunni and Shi’ite Muslim conflict (within Iraq and throughout the region
The North Includes Turkey
and Iran Northern most
countries in Southwest Asia
Cultural Facts
Afghanistan – infant and maternal mortality rates are high. Breastfeeding continues until the next pregnancy.
Egypt – female circumcision is viewed as the ultimate proof of virginity and takes place at the age of seven or eight.
Iran – a woman’s making direct eye contact with a man implies promiscuity and an interest in dating. Boys and girls no longer play together after age five.
Iraq – a government-sponsored fertility campaign encourages families to have at least five children.
Saudi Arabia – if a wife does not produce a son, her husband may divorce her. Women may have fifteen or more children. Religious police enforce the cultural laws governing segregation of sexes.