Introduction

Getting the Most Out of Camp Someone made some sacrifices to

make it possible for you to be here The next two or three weeks are likely

the best chance you will have to get better this entire year

Pay attention. The staff and your fellow students have knowledge you may obtain, and knowledge is power.

Cultivate self-discipline—forgoing smaller, short-term gains for larger, long-term rewards

The Resolution

Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment in the United States.

Why the Fuss?

U.S. transportation system has been described as being “in crisis”

Transportation intersects with virtually every part of the economy and pure everyday living

Federal infrastructure policymaking is largely broken as a process—nearly 3 years since the passage of the last full transportation bill

It’s better than the immigration resolution [false—economic migration would have been far cooler]

“Transportation”

Definition: the movement of things (people, animals and objects) from one location to another

Three basic types Individual Passenger Freight

Cont’d

Modes of tranport(ation) include Walking (pedestrian) Bicycling/self-powered Waterways Powered individual transit (cars) [surface] Powered mass transit [surface] Powered air transit [individual and mass] Space transit Pipelines? [powered by gravity]

“Infrastructure”

Means the things that facilitate transport/make transportation possible Bike paths/lanes, sidewalks Air corridors, air fields, air terminals Roads , refueling facilities, trucking freight

terminals Ports, canals, waterways Railways/beds, rail terminals Bus stops, dedicated buslines Pipelines

Potential distinction between the mode of tranport (car) and that which facilitates it (road)

“Investment”

Means deploying resources (time, money, material) with the expectation of some future gain

Is used *broadly* and *frequently* in the context of infrastructure

May end up meaning “all government money spent on infrastructure”

“United States federal government” Are other “United States”?

Brazil Netherlands

“United States” means “U.S.A.”! “Federal government” means either

The government based in Washington DC [or] The system of government that includes the

national and state governments within the federal system

Potential issues “USFG” means all 3 branches “USFG should” means government action, not

individual advocacy

“should substantially increase” “Substantial/substantially”

Means essentially, in the main, large, etc. Disputes arise from claims of the necessary

size and nature of the increase “Should”—does it imply (necessitate) a

plan “Increase”

means to augment, make bigger, or qualitatively improve

Potential disputes include whether it must be pre-existing TII Whether there must be an increase in the size

of TII, or can just improve it

“its” & “in the United States” “Its” means the possessive form of

“it”; used as a modifier before a noun

“transportation infrastructure investment” must belong to/be of “USFG”

“in the United States” limits (geographically) the context within which TII may occur

Impact Ground

Economy: competitiveness, employment, productivity, specific industries, etc

Energy: oil and other fossil fuels as they intersect with all impacts

Environment: air/water pollution, climate, land conversion

Equity: race, colonialism, gender, able-ism, rural, urban

Security: hegemony, resource wars, terrorism

Affirmatives Active Transport: bike pathways,

sidewalks, traffic suppression Air: security, navigation, rural Cars: alt fuels, congestion control, rural Freight: highway, ports, rail Fuel transportation: NG/oil pipelines, LNG Funding mechanism: NIB Mass Transit: LRT, BRT, HSR, federal

funding Military: Alt vehicles, airfields Space: space elevator, spaceports

(private) Specific groups: urban areas, indigenous

communities, federal territories

Negative Arguments

Disadvantages Budget Politics/Elections Impact turns to aff advantages (claimed or

not) Counterplans

Advantage Process/Agent Mechanism

Kritiks: sky’s the limit