Introduction of Loadshifting Machines Statutory Requirements

Introduction of Loadshifting

Machines

&

Statutory Requirements

What is loadshifting machine?

• "loadshifting machine" (負荷物移動機)

means:

• (1) a power-operated mobile machine of a

type specified in the Schedule, and

• (2) which is operated by a person riding on

the machine

Which Schedule? (Cap59AG)

• PART I

• Loadshifting machines used in industrial undertakings-

• (a) a fork-lift truck.

• PART II

• Loadshifting machines used on construction sites-

• (a) a bulldozer; (b) a loader; (c) an excavator; (d) a truck; (e) a lorry; (f) a compactor; (g) a dumper; (h) a grader; (i) a locomotive; (j) a scraper.

Legal Requirements (Cap 59AG)

s.3: Operation of loadshifting machine

• The responsible person of a loadshifting

machine shall ensure that the machine is

only operated by a person who-

(a) has attained the age of 18 years; and

(b) holds a valid certificate applicable to the

type of loadshifting machine to which that

machine belongs.

Legal Requirements (Cap 59AG

s.4 Duty of responsible person to provide training course

• (1) Subject to subsection (3), the responsible person of a loadshifting machine shall ensure the provision to each of his employees who is instructed (whether directly or indirectly) by him to operate a loadshifting machine of a training course conducted for the type of loadshifting machine to which that machine belongs.

• (2) In case the employee fails to obtain a certificate after attending the training course, the responsible person of a loadshifting machine shall ensure the provision of an additional training course conducted for the same type of loadshifting machine as the first-mentioned training course for the employee.

• (3) The responsible person of a loadshifting machine is not obliged to comply with subsection (1) if the employee holds a valid certificate applicable to the type of loadshifting machine to which that machine belongs.

Legal Requirements (Cap 59AG

s.5 Duty of person to attend training course

• An employee referred to in section 4(1) is

required to attend such training course as

may be provided by the responsible

person of the loadshifting machine unless

he holds a valid certificate applicable to

the type of loadshifting machine to which

that machine belongs.

Related Regulations

• General duties provisions – proprietor (s.6A Cap59 F&IUO)

• General duties provisions – person employed (s.6B Cap59 F&IUO)

• General duties provisions – employer & employee of workplace (s.6 & s.8 Cap 509 OSHO)

• Cap Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations

• F&IU (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations

Related Guidance Notes & COP

Fork-lift trucks (FLT)

“Fork-lift truck" (叉式起重車) means:

• any self-propelled

vehicle equipped with

a mast along which

travels a power-

operated device for

elevating and carrying

loads

Counterbalance Type FLT

Reach Truck Type FLT

Pallet Stacker Type FLT

High Lift Order Picker (FLT)

Power of FLT

• Electric Fork-lift Trucks

• Gasoline Fork-lift Trucks

• Diesel Fork-lift Trucks

• LPG Fork-lift Trucks

• Dual fuel Fork-lift Trucks

Tyres of FLT

Cushion tyres:

• Made of solid rubber

• Suitable for Indoor applications

Pneumatic tyres:

• Inflated with compressed air

• Performs better in outdoor environment

Bulldozer

Loader

• Wheel Loader

• Compact Wheel

Loader

• Skid Steer Loader

• Crawler Loader

Wheel Loader

Compact Wheel Loader

Skid Steer Loader

Crawler Loader

Wheel Loader with Fork Arms

Wheel Loader with Grapple

Excavator

Crawler Excavator

Compact Crawler Excavator

Wheel Excavator

Compact Wheel Excavator

Truck

Lorry

Compactor

Dumper

Rigid Frame Dumper

Articulated Frame Dumper

Crawler Dumper

Crawler Compact Dumper

Wheel Compact Dumper

Compact Dumper with equipment

Grader

Locomotive

Scraper

Inspection and Maintenance


• F&IUR (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear)

– Regulation 4(b)

• The proprietor/contractor should ensure that the

excavator is properly maintained so as to keep it in

good working order.

– Regulation 5

• The proprietor/contractor shall ensure that an

excavator has been tested, thoroughly examined

and certified safe by a competent examiner prior to

use.


• F&IUR (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear)

– Regulation 7(a)

• The proprietor/contractor shall ensure that an

excavator has been periodically inspected by a

competent examiner when being used.


• F&IUR (Cargo and Container Handling)

– Regulation 7

• The owner of a fork-lift truck shall not use the truck,

or cause or permit it to be used, for cargo or

container handling unless:

– It is properly maintained; and

– The person operating it is trained and competent to

operate it.


• F&IUR (Loadshifting Machinery)

– N/A


• On Site Inspection and

Maintenance

– Carry out inspection when

machine is unloaded on

site.

– Use checklist to facilitate

inspection.


• On Site Inspection and Maintenance

– Parts require frequent inspections:

• Tyres;

• Tracks;

• Working Tool;

• Linkage;

• Leaks;

• Radiator;

• Reservoirs;


• On Site Inspection and

Maintenance

– Parts require frequent

inspections:

• Air Cleaner;

• Roll Over Protection;

• Structure;

• Seat and Seat Belt;

• Battery; and

• Reverse Warning Signals.


• Remember:

– All attachments and

working tools being

completely lowered on

ground surface; or

– Firmly supported by safety

bars.


• General Precautions

– Logbook to keep all information of machinery of every fork-lift truck.

– Maintenance staff with adequate working knowledge.

– Repair works should be made by competent mechanics.


• Pre-operation Inspection

– At the beginning of each

shift or working day, check:

• Manufacturer’s instructions;

• Fuel supply and fuel level;

• Radiator (water level and fan);

• Tyres (inflation pressure);

• Service brake and parking

brake (brake fuild);


• Pre-operation Inspection

– At the beginning of each

shift or working day, check:

• Lubricating oil level and

hydraulic fluid level;

• Signalling/warning lights;

• Mirrors; and

• Forks or attachment.


• Weekly Inspection

– Recommended to carry out

where the fork-lift trucks are

in constant use:

• All items of pre-operation

inspection;

• Steering function;

• Hydraulic controls;

• Hydraulic cylinders;


• Weekly Inspection

– Recommended to carry out

where the fork-lift trucks are

in constant use:

• Overhead guard;

• Steering function;

• Hydraulic controls;

• Lifting chains/rollers; and

• Limit switches.


• Periodic Servicing /

Inspection

– As required by

manufacturers on certain

components or

mechanisms.

– To determine the need for

repair or replacement of

parts.


• Use of Checklists

– Pre-operation or daily

inspections;

– Regular servicing or

inspections;

– Submit checklist to

responsible person when

no defect is found.


• Examination and Testing

– Fork-lift truck with working

platform;

– Before use or after

undergoing substantial

repair.

Safe System of Work

Safe System of Work

• Definition:

– A formal procedure which results from

systematic examination of a task in order to

identify all the hazards.

– It defines safe methods to ensure that

hazards are eliminated or risks minimized.

Safe System of Work

• Component of a Safe System:

– Materials;

– People;

– Plant;

– Equipment;

– Task; and

– Environment.

Safe System of Work

• Component of a Safe System:

– Logical well-thought out approach;

– Should fully identify and document all the

hazards, safety precautions and safe working

practices associated with all activities

performed by employees.

Safe System of Work

• When is a Safe System required?

– Hazards cannot be physically eliminated.

– Some element of risk remains.

– Normal Operations.

– Non-routine work, for example:

• Cleaning and maintenance operations;

• Controlling activities of contractors on your

premises; or

• Loading, unloading and movements of vehicles.

Safe System of Work

• 5 Steps Approach:

– Assess the task;

– Identify the hazards;

– Define safe methods;

– Implement the system; and

– Monitor the system.

Safe System of Work

• Step 1 - Assess the task:

– Hazard to health and safety

– Take account of:

• What is used?

• Who does what?

• Where the task is carried out?

• How the task is done?

Safe System of Work

• Step 2 – Identifying the hazards:

– Spot out the hazards; and

– Weigh up the risks.

Safe System of Work

• Step 3 – Define safe methods:

– Hierarchy of Control:

• Elimination;

• Substitution;

• Insulation;

• Engineering Control;

• Administrative Control; and

• PPE

Safe System of Work

• Step 4 – Implementing the system:

– Communicate properly;

– Understand by employees;

– Apply correctly; and

– Ensure supervisors know.

Safe System of Work

• Step 5 – Monitoring the system:

– Periodically checking:

• That employees continue to find the system

workable;

• That the procedures laid down in your system of

work are being carried out and are effective; and

• That any changes in circumstances which require

alterations to the system of work are taken into

account.

Safe System of Work

• Remember:

– In simple language.

– Everyone can understand.

– Deliver to all relevant personnel.

Machine Selection

• Suitable Capacity and Power for the

work

• Good Mechanical Condition

• Inspected before use, proper

Maintained

• Regular Tested

• Check Slope Limit

Design and Safety Feature

• Deflection-Limiting

Volume (DLV)

• BS EN ISO 3164:2008

• orthogonal approximation of a

large, seated, male operator

wearing normal clothing and a

protective helmet


• Falling Object Protection System (FOPS)

• BS EN ISO 3449:2008

• system of structural members have to provide operators

with reasonable protection from falling objects (trees,

rocks, small concrete blocks, hand tools, etc.)

• The FOPS shall completely cover and overlap the vertical

projection of the DLV.


• Falling Object Protection System (FOPS)• level I impact protection

• impact strength for protection from small falling objects

(e.g. bricks, small concrete blocks, hand tools)

• operations: highway maintenance, landscaping and other

construction site services

• level II impact protection

• impact strength for protection from heavy falling objects

(e.g. trees, rocks) for machines involved in site

• Operations: clearing, overhead demolition or forestry


• Roll-Over Protection (ROP)

• BS EN ISO 3471:2008

• system of structural members whose aim is to reduce the

possibility of a seat-belted operator being crushed when

the machine roll-over.

• Structural members include any subframe, bracket,

mounting, socket, bolt, pin, suspension or flexible shock

• absorption used to secure the system to the machine

frame


• Roll-Over Protection (ROP)• No part of the ROPS shall enter the DLV at any time


• Boom-Lowering Control Device• For hydraulic excavators and the backhoe part of

backhoe loaders used in object handling, a lowering

control device shall be installed to prevents

uncontrolled lowering of the boom in the case of a

hydraulic line failure or rupture.


• Seat-Belt (BS EN ISO 6683:2008)

• The Seat-Belt webbing shall have a minimum width of

46mm.

• The buckled seat belt system shall withstand a force of

not less than 15000 N for 10 s minimum


• Seat-Belt (BS EN ISO 6683:2008)

• The length of the seat belt assembly shall not increase

by more than 20 % when subjected to the force

• Belt Buckle: release with ONE mittened hand in single

motion


• Emergency stop• An emergency stop shall be fitted within the zone of

comfort as specified in EN ISO 6682. It shall stop all

dangerous functions of the machine


• hold-to-run control• device by which the operating function is only carried out

as long as the control is actuated. The operation is

automatically reset into hazardless conditions as the

control is released


• Lighting, signalling and marking lights

and reflex-reflector devices• Self-propelled mobile road construction machines for

ride-on operators shall be fitted with working lights.


• Machine safety labels• BS ISO 9244:2008 establishes general principles and

gives requirements for the design and application of

machine safety labels to be permanently affixed to earth-

moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.


• Mobile road construction machinery intended for ride-on

operator shall be fitted with an acoustic warning signal

device (horn). The A-weighted sound pressure level

generated shall be at least 93 dB at a distance of 7 mfrom the front of the machine(ISO 9533).


• Vibration Reduction• The principle of vibration reduction, where relevant, shall

be taken into account when designing machines.

• The information and technical measures to control

vibration on the hand-arm system given in CR 1030-1

shall be taken into account. See machine-specific parts of

EN 500.

• The main source for vibration is the compaction process

Machine Operation and Safety

Precaution

The following items summarize essential requirements

to use and operate a loadshifting machine :

• Site preparations

• Prepare for safe operation

• Operation

• Parking

• Competence of Operator

Site preparations

• provision of temporary fencings and warning at edges of

embankments, excavations and pits against risk of roll over;

• provision of warning signs in the vicinity of overhead power

lines;

• arrangement of site traffic controls;

• provision of adequate site access roads;

• provision of safety measures for dumping pits, such as

installation of stop logs to rear wheels of dumpers; and

• provision of protective equipment for banksmen and any

ground person assisting in the earth moving operation such

as communication means.

Prepare for safe operation

• inspect any physical damage such as cracking, bending or deformation;

• check the level of all fluids in the brake, transmission, power steering and hydraulic system;

• check various systems for leaks (inspect all plugs, filler caps and fittings for tell-tale signs)

• check all controls such as forward and reverse and shut-down controls;

• check the area of earth moving operation such as gradients, the access road, nearby trenches and also the site activities in the vicinity; and

• the machine must be installed with roll over protection structure and seat belt to reduce the hazard

Operation

• walk around the machine to check for people and objects that might be in the way;

• check for proper functioning of all operating and shut-down controls;

• after starting the engine, check gauges, instruments and warning lights, especially pay attention to the abnormal noise, undue vibration and smell;

• when operating a loadshifting machine, always stay in the operator’s station and fasten the seat belt;

• operate the machine slowly until familiarized with its control;

• prevent asphyxiation;• when working on slopes, avoid sidehill travel;• under wet or rainy conditions when the ground became too

slippery for the machine, stop the earth moving operation; and

• never use the machine other than it is designed for.

Parking

• park on level ground, with the parking brake firmly applied;

• lower the working tools to the ground; and

• remove the ignition key and hand it back to the site

personnel for safe custody.

Competence of Operator

• The operator should be at least 18 years old and have both

physical and mental fitness;

• The operator should be able to understand and read

instructions, signs, charts and manuals;

• Under S.5 F&IUR (Loadshifting Machinery), the operator

is required to attend the training for the particular type of

loadshifting machine. He should possess a valid certificate

issued by the organizer of a training course. The training

course should be a course recognized by the Commissioner

for Labour [Under S.2 F&IUR (Loadshifting Machinery)]

Fork-lift Operations

For the safe operations of fork-lift trucks, a safe system of work for fork-lift operations should be established and documented. This safe system of work should include the following:

• risk assessment;

• planning, developing and organizing;

• implementation;

• reviewing; and

• auditing.

Workplace Conditions for fork-lift

trucksThe following points should be observed when operating a fork-lift truck.• Protecting pedestrians• Loading and unloading areas• Parking areas• Restricted or prohibited areas• Obstructions• Floor edges or openings• Doorways and lift landings• Traffic routes• Maximum gradient• Overhead electricity lines• Lighting and ventilation• Interaction with other vehicles

Safety precaution of Fork-lift trucks

• The safe working load of a fork-lift truck should never be exceeded.

• No person should be lifted on the forks, whether directly or indirectly, unless a specially designed working platform provided by the manufacturer or authorized agent.

• Operating controls from outside of the operator cabin should always be prohibited.

• Reaching the load, the fork arms or its related mechanism by standing on/near the operator cabin or operating area should be prohibited.

• The operator should not pick up a load if someone is standing close to it.

• The operator should report to his supervision when oil or water is found accumulated on the ground/ floor

• No person should be allowed to stay or walk underneath the load.

Safety precaution of Fork-lift trucks

• Any load appears unsuitable, including one supported by a damaged pallet or one the weight of which is unknown, should not be lifted by the fork-lift truck.

• Carrying a load that block forward visibility should be avoided. Where this cannot be avoided, the fork-lift truck should be driven in reverse.

• Running over cables or flexible pipes, etc. on the ground/ floor should be avoided unless they are suitably protected.

• No fork-lift truck should be raised, lowered or supported by the tail gate of a truck/ lorry.

• Before goods are loaded to or unloaded from the tail gate of a truck/ lorry, suitable steps should be taken to ensure that no person remains on the tail gate or its vicinity.

Operation of Excavator

Excavators are often used on slopes, rough terrain or soft

ground. To prevent instability and overturning of an excavator

on such work surfaces, measures such as leveling or

compaction of ground, or provision of load-bearing supports,

as appropriate, should be taken before moving the excavator

into position

The operation can classified as:

• Before Operation

• During Operation

• After Operation

• Operation on Slope

Before Operation

The operator of an excavator should read and understand the

safety information relating to the excavator concerned from

the relevant manufacturer’s manual. It is important that the

operator, apart from possessing the necessary qualifications,

has sufficient knowledge in safe procedures and safety

precautions in operating the excavator.

The operator should check the work area to verify such as:

• location of slope, opening, trench and overhang;

• compactness of ground and condition of haul road; and

• presence of persons, obstacles and public utilities.

During Operation

• The operator should follow the operating procedures of the

excavator as recommended in its manufacturer’s manuals.

• The excavator should not be loaded beyond its safe working

load as specified in the certificates in the approved forms

issued by the competent examiner under the LALGR.

• When handling load with the attachment of the excavator, the

weight of the attachment and attachment bracket, if fitted,

should be considered as part of the loading on the excavator.

• In situations where the operator of the excavator does not have

a clear and unrestricted view of the attachment during work, a

signaler should be made available to give signals to the

operator.

After Operation

• Before shutting down the excavator, the operator should lower its attachment onto the ground.

• Before leaving the excavator unattended, the operator should have it parked on a flat and stable ground with its engine stopped, the parking brake applied, the engine start switch key removed, the windows and door of the operator’s cabin closed with the door locked, and the door key removed.

• The position at which the excavator is parked should not cause any obstruction to the traffic, traffic signs, the view of other vehicle drivers, or other site activities.

• If it is necessary to park the excavator on a slope, the crawlers or wheels should be chocked on the downhill side.

Operation on Slope

• If it is necessary for an excavator to work or travel on a slope, the

proprietor/ contractor should find out the angle of inclination of the work

area, and ascertain, from manufacturer’s manuals or, if not specified, from

the manufacturer, the recommended maximum angle of inclination for the

excavator to work or travel on.

• The angle of inclination of the slope should be ascertained by suitable

methods such as surveying, use of angle measuring equipment on the slope,

or use of angle indicating equipment installed on the excavator.

• When traveling on the slope, an excavator should be driven straight up and

down the slope at low speed. It should not be driven across the slope. For

maximum stability while at work on a slope, the crawlers or wheels, and

the undercarriage of the excavator should also be placed along, instead of

across the slope.

Safety precaution of Excavator

The following items are the general safety precautions of excavator:

• Anyone making access to or egress from the operator’s cabin or maintenance areas on an excavator should make use of the steps and handholds on the machine designated for such purposes.

• When warning of thunderstorm or lightning is issued by the Hong Kong Observatory, no one should stay on an excavator.

• To prevent moving in the wrong direction when driving an excavator, the operator must make clear the front/ rear positions of the upper structure and the undercarriage before operating the drive control.

• When an excavator is working near any fixed structure, the proprietor/ contractor should maintain an unobstructed passageway of not less than 600 millimeters wide between the excavator and the structure, or take reasonable measures to prevent persons from having access to that place, such as by fencing off the place.


(Cont’)• For an excavator to be operated in a building, the

proprietor/ contractor should verify the floor loading to ensure that it is sufficient to support the machine. The proprietor/ contractor should also check headroom and clearances to ensure that no unsafe condition occurs when using the excavator.

• When an excavator is operated in an area with insufficient natural lighting or poor visibility condition, the proprietor/ contractor should provide artificial illumination to supplement the lights mounted on the excavator.

• When an excavator is operated in an area with insufficient natural ventilation, the proprietor/ contractor should take measures to prevent harm due to accumulation of toxic gases or fumes.

• When an excavator is moving, the operator should lower the attachment to prevent it from obstructing sight and to increase stability.


(Cont’)

• The tyres of a wheel-mounted excavator should be inflated to and maintained at the recommended pressure as given in the manufacturer’s manuals.

• For a wheel-mounted excavator with outriggers, the outriggers should be used whenever possible during operation to level the machine and to improve stability.

• For a crawler-mounted excavator with extendable crawler frames, the crawler frames should be extended during operation for maximum stability.

• The proprietor/ contractor should effectively guard all exposed moving parts of an excavator, including moving parts of any prime mover and transmission machinery that may pose hazards to any worker under normal operating conditions.

Case 1: Worker hit by forklift truck Worker was hit by a forward

traveling forklift truck while he was

laying carpet for an exhibition.

Similar stack of goods being

loaded on the truck at the time of

accident:

2.11m(L) x 1.05m(W) v 1.8m(H)

Case 1: Worker hit by forklift truck

Case 1: Worker hit by forklift truck

Observations:

• Insufficient traffic control

– No separation between mobile machines and people

– No signaler

• Insufficient information, training, instruction,

supervision

– No warning notices

• No protective equipment

– Reflective vest

Case 2: Overturned dumper

Dumper overturned beyond the

edge of rock face and slipped

along the slope

Earth barrier after the accident

Case 2: Overturned dumper

Observations:

• Weakened earth barrier and unsatisfactory

ground condition due to heavy rain

• No banksman / signaler attended

• Brakes not properly engaged

Case 3: Worker struck by

components of forklift truck

Worker struck by pair of forks when

working underneath.

It was believed that the worker was

conducting repair works.

Case 3: Worker struck by

components of forklift truck

Observations:

• No risk assessment

• No safety information, training, instruction,

supervision

• No proper maintenance programme

Summary

• Safe system of works

– Risk assessment to identify hazards

• People, machines, materials, processes,

environment

– Develop the system

• Hierarchy of Hazard Controls

– Disseminate and execute

• Information, Training, Instruction, Supervision

– Monitor and review

Date post:	16-Mar-2022
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Introduction of Loadshifting Machines Statutory Requirements

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