Due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Each property emerges from new evolutionary novelties that were not present at simpler levels of organization
Ecosystem dynamics
2 processes Nutrient cycling
One way flow of energy
Energy conversion- one of energy is converted to
another for use in moving,
growing, reproducing…
Form fits function
Analyzing a biological structure gives an idea about its function Ex. Leaf
Knowing the function of something gives an idea about its construction Ex. Bird wing
Prokaryotic cell typically bacteria and archaea no nucleus to enclose DNA no organelles
Eukaryotic cell found in all other living
organisms Nucleus DNA organized
into chromosomes membrane bound organelles
DNA structure and function Controls development and maintenance of entire
organism
Molecular structure of DNA accounts for its ability to store information
Genes control protein production
Feedback mechanisms
Positive feedback-product stimulates an enzyme in the reaction sequence, increasing the rate of production of the product
Negative feedback-accumulation of a final product inhibits an earlier enzyme in the sequence of reaction, slowing down the reaction
Accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Organizing the diversity of life
Grouped based on similarities
Domains, Kingdoms, Phyla, etc.
Domain Archaea Prokaryotes living in extreme environments
Ex: salty lakes, boiling hot springs
Multiple kingdoms
Domain Eukarya Protists
Multiple kingdoms-Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Unicellular eukaryotes and simple multicellular relatives
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection
Descent with modification Adaptive radiation of finches on the Galapagos Islands
Discovery Science Describes natural structures and processes as accurately
as possible through careful observation and analysis of data
Types of Data Qualitative-descriptions
Quantitative-measurements
Inductive reasoning Derive generalizations from specific observations
Hypothesis-Based Science Hypothesis-tentative answer to a well framed question
If-Then format
Deductive reasoning-general premise leads to specific results if the premise is true
Must be testable Check validity of the idea
Must be falsifiable Must be some observation or experiment that could
reveal if an idea is not true
Experimental and control groups differ in only one factor
Observations and experimental results must be repeatable
Much broader in scope than a hypothesis
General enough to spin off new specific hypotheses to be tested
Supported by a greater body of evidence than a hypothesis
Cooperation and competition in the scientific culture
Science and technology are associated
Technology often results from scientific discoveries
Scientific discoveries often emerge from the development of new technologies
The microscope led to an understanding of the cellular basis of life
Watson and Crick’s discovery of DNA structure led to technological breakthroughs.