Introduction to Advanced Engine Control Concepts
Abstract With the increased emphasis on aircraft safety, enhanced performance and affordability, and the need to reduce the environmental impact of aircraft, there are many new challenges being faced by the designers of aircraft propulsion systems. The Controls and Dynamics Branch at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, is leading and participating in various projects in partnership with other organizations within GRC and across NASA, the U.S. aerospace industry, and academia to develop advanced controls and health management technologies that will help meet these challenges through the concept of Intelligent Propulsion Systems. The key enabling technologies for an Intelligent Propulsion System are the increased efficiencies of components through active control, advanced diagnostics and prognostics integrated with intelligent engine control to enhance operational reliability and component life, and distributed control with smart sensors and actuators in an adaptive fault tolerant architecture. This presentation describes the current activities of the Controls and Dynamics Branch in the areas of active component control and propulsion system intelligent control, and presents some recent analytical and experimental results in these areas.
15 F
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Fund
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15 F
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Fund
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trol
(At V
aryi
ng A
mbi
ent C
ondi
tions
)
1515
.215
.415
.615
.816
16.2
16.4
16.6
2.94
2.96
2.983
3.02
3.04
3.06
3.083.1
x 10
4
Tim
e
N2 Speed
Orig
inal
Sch
edul
eIL
EC s
ched
ule
Opt
imiz
ed s
ched
ule
Engi
ne C
ore
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ccel
erat
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pons
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rigin
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LEC
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Opt
imiz
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ontr
ol)
Con
trol
Ope
ratin
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ondi
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3. O
ptim
ized
co
ntro
l res
ults
in
sig
nific
ant
com
pone
nt li
fe
savi
ngs
2. E
ngin
e co
ntro
l log
ic
can
be
optim
ized
to
min
imiz
e da
mag
e w
hile
m
aint
aini
ng
desi
red
engi
ne
perf
orm
ance
1. C
ompo
nent
da
mag
e ac
cum
ulat
ion
is a
func
tion
of
ambi
ent
oper
atin
g co
nditi
on
•Mot
ivat
ion—
Thru
st-to
-Thr
ottle
Rel
atio
nshi
p C
hang
esw
ith D
egra
datio
n in
Eng
ines
Und
er F
an S
peed
Con
trol
Thro
ttle
Fan
Spe
edTh
rust
Deg
rada
tion-
indu
ced
shift
Engi
ne P
erfo
rman
ce D
eter
iora
tion
Miti
gatio
n C
ontr
olEn
gine
Per
form
ance
Det
erio
ratio
n M
itiga
tion
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trol
Con
trol
Arc
hite
ctur
eC
ontr
ol A
rchi
tect
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•Lev
erag
es e
xist
ing
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trol l
ogic
bas
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n a
Fan
Spe
ed C
ontro
l
•Add
s th
e fo
llow
ing
logi
c/so
ftwar
e el
emen
ts:
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impl
ified
mod
el o
f the
eng
ine
whi
ch m
atch
es th
e “n
omin
al”P
LA
to T
hrus
t res
pons
e•A
Thr
ust e
stim
ator
•A P
I con
trol t
o m
odify
the
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to F
an S
peed
com
man
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Part
s of
the
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bed
Arc
hite
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rts
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e Te
stbe
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rchi
tect
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ne C
ontr
olTy
pica
l Ful
l Aut
horit
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igita
l E
ngin
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ontro
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C)
type
con
trolle
rP
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, fue
l flo
w o
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n sp
eed
is c
ontro
lled
Nom
inal
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ine
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elP
iece
wis
e lin
ear m
odel
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edul
ed o
n pe
rcen
tco
rrect
ed fa
n sp
eed
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st E
stim
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cew
ise
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r Kal
man
filte
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ased
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ine
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rovi
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atio
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iabl
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luat
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n
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3 m
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urat
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32,0
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etde
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,000
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Clim
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,000
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tude
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270º
270º
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Hea
ding
290
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ots
290
knot
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ots
290
knot
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dica
ted
A
irspe
ed
86%
82%
88%
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Fan
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43
21
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men
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imul
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ff
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take
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atin
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pres
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tabi
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ane
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ane
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atta
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ased
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-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 0.00
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time
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atus
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cept
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mon
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colla
bora
tion
with
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oney
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l Eng
ines
un
der t
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ary
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ombu
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stab
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ance
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300
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500
600
700
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xper
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Tim
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ontr
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xper
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mul
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ase
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Def
lect
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lear
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esul
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efle
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010
2030
4050
6070
8090
100
050100
150
Deflection (mils)
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2030
4050
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2030405060Clearance (mils)
Tim
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und
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010
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0.7
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N (rp
m)
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2030
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6070
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/I
Max
Tim
e (s
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ds)
Res
ults
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haft
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ased
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Firs
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ased
Cle
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ce M
odel
Hig
hH
igh --
Tem
pera
ture
Sha
pe M
emor
y A
lloy
Act
uato
r Te
mpe
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hape
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p C
lear
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Con
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for A
ctiv
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rbin
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p C
lear
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Con
trol
05
1015
2025
3035
4045
500.
02
0.04
0.06
0.08
component deformation (in)
EG
T ov
ersh
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grou
nd id
le
cont
rolla
ble
rang
e
pinc
h po
int
05
1015
2025
3035
4045
500
0.02
0.04
0.06
time
(sec
)
clearance (in)
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ted
clea
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clea
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e
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t poi
nt
05
1015
2025
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02
0.04
0.06
0.08
component deformation (in)
EG
T ov
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grou
nd id
le
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e
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h po
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pinc
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int
05
1015
2025
3035
4045
500
0.02
0.04
0.06
time
(sec
)
clearance (in)
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ted
clea
ranc
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clea
ranc
e
Cle
aran
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t poi
nt
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act
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r con
sist
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Faci
litat
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Pro
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ilure
redu
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ower
s fa
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ne fa
n bl
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perf
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act
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ontro
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emon
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l at a
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t po
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ptim
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ign
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ates
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n bl
eed
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Sho
ws
sign
ifica
nt re
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in E
GT
and
SFC
Rub
-free
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aran
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urin
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take
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Des
ign
Res
ults
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yste
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imul
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oud
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od
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ase
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ap
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r R
od S
eal
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ir
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Act
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wire
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fails
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od
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ase
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Com
mun
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Pow
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BUS
FAD
EC
Cur
rent
Eng
ine
Con
trol
Arc
hite
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irect
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Cen
tral
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Eng
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Cen
tral
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Eng
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Con
trol
Pros
:W
orks
, rel
iabl
e, w
ell-u
nder
stoo
d, e
xper
ienc
e,
com
fort
leve
lC
ons:
Exp
ensi
ve, i
nfle
xibl
e, in
the
futu
re w
ill b
ecom
e a
limiti
ng fa
ctor
in e
ngin
e pe
rform
ance
Wire
har
ness
wei
ght f
orce
s th
e FA
DE
C to
be
co-
loca
ted
on th
e en
gine
stru
ctur
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o-lo
cate
d FA
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C re
quire
s en
viro
nmen
tal
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g (th
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ost.
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FAD
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Dis
trib
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BUS
Dis
trib
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Eng
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Con
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Dis
trib
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Eng
ine
Con
trol
Topo
logi
es:
Sta
r (po
int t
o po
int),
Rin
g or
bus
(dai
sy c
hain
)W
ired
or w
irele
ssPr
os:
Kno
wn
to w
ork
wel
l in
othe
r ind
ustri
es, m
uch
less
ex
pens
ive
(initi
al a
nd o
vera
ll co
st),
very
flex
ible
Con
s:C
omm
unic
atio
n un
know
ns a
nd d
eter
min
istic
be
havi
orO
vera
ll in
crea
sed
com
plex
ityR
equi
res
new
tech
nolo
gies
, i.e
., hi
gh te
mpe
ratu
re
elec
troni
cs
15 F
eb 2
007
Fund
amen
tals
of A
ircra
ft En
gine
Con
trol D
esig
n -A
dvan
ced
Con
trol C
once
pts
©by
Dr.
S. G
arg
2007
35Lsn
16: A
dvan
ced
Con
cept
s
Less
on 1
6 Su
mm
ary
Ther
e ar
e tre
men
dous
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
impr
ove
and
revo
lutio
nize
airc
raft
engi
ne p
erfo
rman
ce th
roug
h “p
rope
r”us
e of
adv
ance
d co
ntro
l tec
hniq
ues
Inte
llige
nt e
ngin
e co
ntro
l int
egra
ted
with
relia
ble
cond
ition
m
onito
ring
and
faul
t dia
gnos
tics
to e
xten
d on
-win
g op
erat
ing
life,
mai
ntai
n pe
rform
ance
with
agi
ng, s
afel
y ac
com
mod
ate
faul
ts w
hile
mai
ntai
ning
bes
t ach
ieva
ble
perfo
rman
ce e
tc.
Act
ive
cont
rol o
f eng
ine
com
pone
nts
to p
rovi
de th
e de
sire
d pe
rform
ance
cha
ract
eris
tics
thro
ugho
ut th
e fli
ght e
nvel
ope
and
enab
le lo
w e
mis
sion
hig
her p
erfo
rman
ce c
ompo
nent
sD
istri
bute
d en
gine
con
trol t
o re
duce
“con
trol s
yste
m”
wei
ght,
incr
ease
ope
ratio
nal r
elia
bilit
y an
d fle
xibi
lity
to
easi
ly in
corp
orat
e ne
w a
nd im
prov
ed c
apab
ilitie
s