Introduction To Agriculture Mechanics General Shop Tools

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!

CCSS.ELALiteracy.RST.9‐10.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are

used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics.

CCSS.ELALiteracy.RST.9‐10.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table

or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words.

CCSS.ELALiteracy.RST.11‐12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent

understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible.

Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource Standards Addressed!

• PST.01.02. Apply physical science and engineering principles to design, implement and improve safe and efficient mechanical systems in AFNR situations.

• PST.01.02.02.a. Identify the tools, machines and equipment needed to construct and/or fabricate a project in AFNR.

Air Pressure Hose

• A thick wall small diameter hose that carries compressed air from the tank or piping to the tool.

Air Pressure-Type Grease

Gun

•Used to supply high volumes of grease at high pressures.

Airless Spray Gun

• A spray gun that may be used without the need for compressed air to propel the paint.

All Thread Rod

• A metal rod (usually 36” long)threaded from one end to the other, generally cut to a specific length.

Allen or Setscrew Wrench

•A piece of hexagon stock with a 90 degree angle on one end that is used to tighten or loosen female, hexagon, hollow type set screws.

Anvil

•Used to shape, bend, rivet, or cut steel. This tool provides a hard surface for hammering.

Aviation Tin Snips

• Used to cut compound curves and intricate designs out of thin sheet metal.

Double Bit Axe

•Has 2 cutting edges. Used also to cut small trees, trim trees, and logs, and trimming tops.

Single Bit Axe

•Used for building and construction work. This tool has a single cutting edge and one flat edge.

•Used for cutting small limbs and brush and sharpening stakes. The tool has one sharp edge and one flat edge for driving stakes.

Hand Axe

Ball Pein or Machinst Hammer

•Has various uses by the mechanic or machinist. The hammer has a round crowned hammering face at one end and a fall at the other.

Barrel Bolt

• Generally used as a latch mechanism to keep doors closed.

Bench Brush

•Used to clean benches, stools, and machinery.

Blacksmith’s Hammer

•Used to work and mold hot and cold metal. The end has a blunt wedge shape at one end and the hammering surface at the other end is square.

Bolt Clipper or Cutter

•Used to cut bolts, round stock, reinforcing bar, wire and chain.

Bolt Snap

• Used to attach chain, latch doors etc.

Box End Wrench

• Used to tighten or loosen hex head nuts and bolts, completely surrounds the nut which will lessen slippage.

“C” Clamp

•Used for clamping wood when gluing and holding metal in position while tacking or welding.

Cape Chisel

•Used for cutting keyways and grooves because it has a narrower cutting edge than the flat chisel.

Center Punch

When struck with a hammer it leaves small indentation where a drill bit will catch and start a hole when drilling in metal.

Chain Hoist

•A device used to lift heavy objects by working an endless chain through two or more chain sheaves.

Chuck Key

•Used to tighten the gear type chuck for a drill or drill press.

Clevis or Shackle

•Used to fasten an implement or material to various objects such as a draw bar or to a cable for pulling.

Closed “S” Hook

• Generally used to connect two items such as chain where the S is permanently closed.

Combination End Wrench

•Widely used tool and is popular because the wrench has the advantage of having both the open and box end on the same wrench.

Come-Along

•Used to hoist and pull objects.

Crow Bar

•Used for moving stones and prying where leverage is required. The tool has a taper on one end and a blunt chisel on the other end, and is 4-5 ft. long.

Cup Brush

• Used for cleaning corrosion/rust from metal.

Die

Die Stock

Tap and Die Set

Disc Grinder

•Used to remove slag burrs and smooth welds on large metal surfaces.

Dividers

•Commonly used to transfer a specific measurement from one surface to another.

File Card

•Small brush with wire bristles used to clean the teeth of files.

Double Cut File

•Used to remove metal faster than single cut files. A double cut file produces a rough surface and requires heavy pressure when filing.

Single Cut File

•Is usually used to produce a smooth surface finish. Light pressure should be used when filing with the single-cut file.

•Used to remove metal or wood inside large holes and on concave circular surfaces.

Half RoundFile

Round File

•Used to remove metal or wood from holes.

Taper or Three Square File

• Used for sharpening hand saws.

Hose Clamp

•Device used to secure hoses to their fittings.

Wire Hose Clamp

• A wire clamp used to attach hoses to radiators or engine water pumps.

Hydraulic Jack

•Low setting jack generally used indoors where it can be easily moved.

Mending Brace

• Small rigid metal strap with pre drilled holes that are used to attach/splice materials together.

Measuring Wheel

• Used to measure linear distance between two points.

Mixing Paddle

• Used to stir paint or other liquids with an electric drill.

Nibbler

•Used to cut light gauge metals, especially useful when cutting curves or arcs.

Nut Driver

• Used to turn small hex nuts and bolts, faster and easier than a wrench.

Offset Screwdriver

•Used where space is restricted and the screw is difficult to reach. Bits are available in standard or phillips types.

Open End Wrench

•Used on all types of farm machinery and equipment. The two open ends are different sizes.

Open “S” Hook

• Used to attach chain or cable to a hook of some type. It is generally used where the chain may need to be removed.

Outside Calipers

•Like the inside calipers, outside calipers need to be used with a measuring instrument. The tool is used to measure outside diameters.

Paint Brush

•Used to spread paint.

Paint Guide

•Used when painting with a brush to control the flow of paint. Useful around door and window frames.

Phillips Screwdriver

•Used to drive or remove cross or x-slotted screws.

Pillow Block

• A bearing bolted in place to support a rotating shaft.

Pin Punch

•A long straight shank punch, used to drive small pins, bolts, and keys out.

Pipe Bender

•Can be adapted to bend various sizes and gauges of pipe.

Pipe Wrench

• Generally used to hold pipe and pipe fittings in place to either tighten or loosen fittings.

Plumb Bob

•Used to determine a point directly below another point or establishing a plumb line for masonry construction.

Diagonal Pliers

•Used to cut all types of soft wire and pulling cotter pins from slotted nuts. These pliers have curved handles that are lap joined with the cutting edge at an angle to permit the pliers to cut flush with the work surface.

•Used to cut fencing, nail staples, pull staples, and stretching wire.

Fencing Pliers

Lineman or Electrician’s

Pliers

•Used primarily for electrical work. The tool has the diagonal cutting edges as well as the blunt gripping end for twisting wire.

Battery Pliers

•Used to remove nuts off the battery terminal clamps.

Long Nose Pliers

•Often called needle nose pliers; long, slender jaws make it possible to work where space is limited. Some are available with jaws that are capable of cutting soft wire with straight or curved jaws.

Multi-Groove Pliers

•Used for holding parts. The jaws are adjustable for gripping larger diameter objects.

Pliers - Slip Joint

Combination

•Used for cutting soft wire as well as holding various stocks, nails, and wire. Slip joint allows jaws to open wider for gripping larger diameter work.

Pop Rivet

•Used to fasten sheet metal parts together when “blind” fastening is required. The rivets are available in a variety of lengths and diameters.

Pop Rivet Tool

•Tool used specifically to install pop rivets.

Portable Air Tank

•Used to transport compressed air to an area where needed.

Portable Air Compressor

• Use to provde compressed air for painting, cleaning and other jobs.

Portable Electric Drill

•Used to drill holes where a drill press cannot be used.

Post Anchor

• A “ U” shaped metal bracket used to attach a post to a deck.

Protective Face Shields

•Provides protection from injurious sparks and rays. Covers the entire face.

Protractor

•A measuring device used to measure and establish angles.

Pry or Fitting Bar

•Used for prying and helpful in aligning bolt holes. The tool has one tapered end and one flat, curved hook end.

Putty Knife

• Variety of uses such as applying putty and removing paint and gaskets etc.

Quick Coupler

• Commonly used to connect air hoses to pneumatic tools.

Quick Link

• Chain link with a threaded nut that is used to connect two pieces of chain, cord or rope together.

Quick Snap

• A snap ring quite commonly used on the end of a rope.

Ratchet Handle

•Used with sockets and extension bars to allow short back and forth movement of the handle without removing socket from fastener. It is reversible which provides drive in either direction.

Ratchet Load binder

• Ratcheting device that provides tension of two chains to secure a load.

Ratchet Straps

• Light weight nylon straps with a ratchet end used to tie down loads on trailers and trucks.

Ratchet Wrenches

• Used in the place of regular wrenches where space permits rapid movement.

Reciprocating Saw

•Can be used to cut a wide variety of materials. Useful in confined areas.

Reciprocating Saw Blades

• Blades for reciprocating saws. Assorted blades cut a variety of materials.

Repair Link or Lap Link

•Used to repair chain and attach rings or hooks to the chain.

Respirator or Breathing

Filter

•Used when painting to prevent injurious fumes from entering the lungs.

Roller Chain Link

• A repair/connection link for connection of drive links in machinery.

Rope Thimble

•Provides protection for the eye when using rope or cable.

Sash Brush

•A tapered paint brush used to paint around frames and along trim.

Screw Extractor or

Ezy Out

•Used to remove broken screws or studs.

Self Piercing Screws

• Used to attach light gauge metal to backing. Variety of drive heads available.

Set Screw

• Small flat head screws often used on pulleys and shafts where a head is not desirable.

Sledge Hammer

•Used for heavy hammering, such as driving stakes, chisels, and punches.

Sleeve Anchor

• Threaded barrel as the bolt tightens it expands the barrel against the wall board.

Slide Bar Handle

•Used with sockets for tightening or loosening bolts or nuts. The tool can slide from a “L” to a “T” shape.

Snap Link

• Designed to clip one piece of rope to another.

Snap Ring

• Fits into a groove cut on the end of a shaft, or inside a hollow shaft. Holds washers and retaining rings in place.

Snap Ring Pliers

• Used to expand snap rings for removal or installation.

Snap-On or Zerk Grease

Fitting

•Very common grease fitting on automobiles, tractors and machinery. Used to apply grease under high pressure on wearing parts.

Socket

•Comes in 6, 8, & 12 point. Used with an extension bar or with ratchet alone for loosening or tightening bolts and nuts.

Socket Adapter

•Used to convert from one size socket drive to another size socket drive.

Speed Handle

Attaches to a standard or universal joint socket, and gives a full swing that speeds up work.

Spray Gun

•Used to spray primer and paint on all types of equipment and machinery shop projects, household items, etc.

Square Drive Screws

• Offer more resistance to stripping out the head compared to a regular screw.

Standard Screwdriver

•Used on straight slotted screw heads. This tool is available in a variety of sizes.

Staple Gun

•Used to install staples quickly and easily.

Dremel Tool

•Used for a variety of grinding and sanding purposes. Can be used on metal and wood surfaces.

Drift Punch

•A taper shanked punch that is used to drive keys, pins, bolts, and rivets. It is also used for alignment of parts.

Drill Gauge

• Used to measure the diameter of a drill bit.

Drill Press Vise

•Used to hold work stationary while drilling holes with a drill press. Bolt the vise to the drill table for best results and safety.

Drive Pin Anchor

• Insert into a pre drilled hole, strike the head with a hammer to expand the anchor.

Expansion/ Adjustable

Reamer

•Used for precision reaming of piston pin bores, king pin bushing, valve stem guides.

Extension Bar

•Used to give working clearance between the socket and ratchet.

Exterior Deck Screw

• A coarse thread self tapping screw designed for use in structural lumber.

Eye Protection

•Used to protect the worker’s eyes while working in a shop to prevent eye injury.

Fence Wire Stretcher

• Used to stretch a variety of fencing materials.

Filter

•Used to remove foreign matter from paint and primer before using it in spray guns.

Finishing Disc

•Used to buff and polish metal surfaces prior to painting.

Flat/Cold Chisel

•Used for general cutting and chipping work.

Flex Handle

•Used with a socket, this tool provides greater leverage when tightening or loosening nuts and bolts.

Flex or Universal Joint

Socket

•Used in confined areas and consist of a socket and universal joint in one tool.

Galvanized Hanger Strap

• Light weight strap pre drilled, comes in a roll, used to attach a variety of materials to one another.

Grab Hook

•Used to catch and fasten on a chain link.

Grinding Disc

•Used on an angle grinder for removing burrs, slag, and cleaning up welds.

Hack Saw

•Used to cut bolts, tubing, pipe, and chain.

Hand Level

•Used like the surveying instrument for laying out contours and grades. The hand level is used in determining elevation differences and checking levels of various forms.

Hearing Protection

•Provide protection against loud noises that can damage your hearing.

High Lift Jack

•Used to lift vehicles and machinery for repairs.

Hitch Pin

• Inserted through a hitch on an implement to attach it to a bumper or draw bar.

Hitch Pin Clip

• Inserted through a hitch pin so that it does no come loose releasing the implement.

Impact Wrench

•A tool that is either electric or air powered (pneumatic) that tightens or loosens nuts and bolts.

Inside Calipers

•Used for measuring bores or holes.

Corner Brace

• An “L” shaped brace used to reinforce a corner.

Jack Stand

•Used to support vehicles and equipment for long periods of time. Safer than using a jack.

Lever-Jawed Wrench

•This adjustable tool is used for a variety of jobs that require enormous amounts gripping strength. The adjustable tool locks and holds until the adjustable jaw is released with the lever.

Lever-Type Grease Gun

•Most common grease gun used to supply grease at high pressures.

Lift Arm Pin

• The spindle used in a three point hitch to attach implements to a tractor.

Linch Pin

• A pin inserted through a shaft or metal plate to secure items in place.

Load or Chain Binder

•Also called boomer. The tool is used to secure loads with the use of a chain.

Log Chain

•Used in many chores for lifting and pulling objects. The chain usually has a grab hook and a slip hook.

Low Pressure High Volume Spray Gun

• A spray gun where the paint canister is locate above the nozzle, generally requires less compressed air.

Machinist’s Vise

•Used to hold work for tapping and threading, drilling, and various other applications. The size is determined by the width of the jaws.

Mallet or Soft Headed Hammer

•Used when damage to the material or surface is undesirable. Mallets are available with either brass, plastic, wood, rubber, or leather heads.

Star Drive Screws

• Allows greater rotation force when tightening compared to slotted or Phillips head screws.

Star Tool

• Used to tighten star screws.

Straight Shank Twist Drill

•Used to drill holes in metal. The shank is straight and can be used in all types of drills with a standard chuck.

Surveyor’s Steel Tape

•Commonly referred to as a chain, it is used for making measurements while surveying. Surveying steel tapes are most common in a 100 ft. length

Surveying Instrument

•A surveying tool used for laying out contours determining elevation differences, laying out grades, and checking level of various construction forms.

Surveying Rod

•Used to determine differences in elevations by reading the graduations which are commonly feet, tenths, and hundredths of a foot.

Surveying Tripod

• Used in conjunction with the surveying instrument.

Tap Wrench

•Hold the bolt or pipe tap and serves as a handle when threading by hand.

Taper Reamer

•Used to ream holes at a taper for tapered pins.

Tapered Shank Twist

Drill

•Used to bore holes in metal. The tool looks like the straight shank twist drill except for the tapered shank.

Tapper Screw/Tap Con

• Generally blue in color inserted into a pre drilled hole in concrete for anchoring purposes.

Roll Pin

• A sleeve like pin used to align and attach two pieces of machinery.

Roll Pin Punch

• A punch specifically designed for the removal of “Roll Pins”.

Tin Snips

•Standard tin snips are used to cut straight lines or large outside curves on sheet metal up to 22 gauge.

Toothed Lock Washers

• May have external or internal teeth, designed to maintain tension when tightened.

Tow Chain

•Used to tow vehicles and machinery and secure loads with the use of chain binder. The chain has grab hooks on both ends.

Turn Buckle

•Used to take up slack and tighten cable, rod, or chain.

Twist Link Chain

•Links are twisted slightly to provide a smooth chain and widely used for small animal leashes.

“U” Bolt

• Used to attach axles to trailers, attach round stock to a flat surfaces.

Universal Joint

•Used with a socket and extension bar to make work possible in confined areas.

Utility Knife

•Used to cut and trim a variety of thin materials.

“V” Belt

• Used to convey power from a drive pulley to an implement.

Wedge Bolt

• Used to anchor items to concrete where a shallow hold is desired.

Wheel Dressing Tool

•Used to square and clean stationary grinder wheels.

Wire Brush Disc

•Can be used to clean metal surfaces prior to painting.

Wire Chain

•A light inexpensive chain used to hang light weight objects.

Wire Lock Pin

• Metal pin with an attached wire loop that is pulled over the end to keep it in place.

Wire Rope Clamp

•Used to clamp two cables together or for clamping a loop in one end of the cable.

Wire Rope

•Also called cable, used to lift, tow, lower, or move objects.

Tinner’s Hammer

•Used when working with rivets and sheet metal.

Steel Rule or Bench Rule

•A common rule used in metal working for laying out measurements and marking straight lines.

Prick Punch

•Used for marking gauge metals. The shaft tapers more than a center punch.

Single/Double Sheave Blocks

•Used with cable or rope to lift, lower, move, or change directions of travel.

Bottoming Tap

•Used to complete threads in blind holes. The tool cuts female threads and should be used after the taper and plug tap have been used to start the threads.

Plug Tap

•Used to continue cutting female threads in a blind hole after threads are started with the taper tap.

Taper Tap

• A taper tap is the first tap used when starting threads in a blind hole.

Portable Power Washer

•Useful for cleaning equipment and shop areas.

Push Broom

•Floor cleaning.

Tape Measure

•Used for layout work and measuring straight or curved surfaces.

The End!