Lecture 2

ETY494 – Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (2019 Spring Semester)

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENTUNIVERSITY OF CRETE

What is BME

Examples of BME

Evolution of the modern health care system

Notable figures in BME

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https://www.healthline.com/health-news/pregnant-women-shouldnt-worry-about-ultrasounds-autism-link 3

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/paralympic-sport/9518078/Oscar-Pistorius-could-have-run-with-longer-blades-at-the-Paralympics-says-prosthetics-supplier.html 4

https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-12-2013/robotic-surgery-risks-benefits.html 5

6https://omicrono.elespanol.com/2014/04/darpa-desarrollara-protesis-que-se-sentiran-como-extremidades-reales/

https://www.welchallyn.com/en/products/categories/patient-monitoring/vital-signs-devices/connex-vital-signs-monitor.html 7

8https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317101532_Nanotechnology_towards_prevention_of_anemia_and_osteoporosis_from_concept_to_market/figures?lo=1

9https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/about-lymphoma-tests-diagnosis-and-staging/bone-marrow-biopsy

https://www.prlog.org/12612271-implantable-medical-devices-market-is-expected-to-reach-116300-million-by-2022-globally.html 10

https://carlsbadimaging.com/x-ray/

https://online.ahu.edu/programs/certificate-programs/advanced-imaging-certificate-in-magnetic-resonance-imaging/ https://openmedscience.com/medical-imaging/magnetic-resonance-imaging/

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https://www.healtheuropa.eu/radiation-therapy/89230/ 12

http://lab-on-chip.gene-quantification.info/ 13

http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/14-membrane-transport/kidney-dialysis.html 14

https://blog.frontiersin.org/2018/09/09/physiology-wearable-devices-review/ 15

16https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1K5wRduHo

17http://greaterorlandogi.com/services/capsule-endoscopy/

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Hearing aids

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Radionics machine

http://www.medicalbillingschool.org/blog/ridiculous-vintage-quack-medical-devices/

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Sthethoscope

https://www.regencyhistory.net/2016/03/

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Dental deviceshttps://www.scoopwhoop.com/inothernews/scariest-medical-tools-in-history/#.bo317swxh

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Arrows removal toolhttps://www.businessinsider.com/most-gruesome-medieval-medical-devices-in-history-2016-6

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Phrenology Devices

http://www.medicalbillingschool.org/blog/ridiculous-vintage-quack-medical-devices/

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Artificial leecheshttps://www.businessinsider.com/most-gruesome-medieval-medical-devices-in-history-2016-6

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Hernia toolhttps://www.businessinsider.com/most-gruesome-medieval-medical-devices-in-history-2016-6

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https://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/the-3000-year-old-cairo-toe/

Wooden prosthetic

27Violin Vibrophone

http://www.medicalbillingschool.org/blog/ridiculous-vintage-quack-medical-devices/

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910

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BIOMEDICALENGINEER

Research in new materials Development of new diagnostic instruments Writing software for analysis of medical research data Analysis of medical device hazards for safety and

efficacy Development of new diagnostic imaging systems Design of telemetry systems for patient monitoring Design of biomedical sensors Development of systems for diagnosis and treatment

of diseases …

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Modeling of the of the human body Design of instrumentation for sports medicine Development of new dental materials and tools Design of communication aids for individuals with

disabilities Study of pulmonary fluid dynamics Study of biomechanics of the human body Development of material to be used as replacement

for human skin …

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33https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsKwHoulf_Q

Εμεις αυτούς τους πνίγουμε στο νεροχύτη

για να μη χαλάσει η ράτσα!

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https://menshouse.gr/extras/75171/o-mythos-tou-keada-mono-pedia-den-thanatonan-spartiates-stin-perifimi-charadra

http://krushperformance.com/war-sugar-switch-brain-switch-game/myth-busted/

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http://ellinikoskinimatografos.gr/%CE%BF-%CE%BC%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%B6%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA/

https://drawception.com/panel/drawing/ehDN3336/spartan-mom-throwing-her-malformed-baby-in-pit/

https://www.translatemedia.com/us/blog-usa/how-language-affects-decision-making/

Ethics Morality

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https://steemit.com/philosophy/@mlialen/are-you-quick-to-blame-what-is-right-vs-wrong

ETHICS

Guiding principles of conduct of an individual or group

MORALITY

Principles on which one’s judgements of right and

wrong are based

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Influenced by profession, field, organization, etc.

Related to professional work

Uniform compared to morals

Influenced by society, culture and religion

Not related to professional work

Vary according to different cultures ad religions

http://pediaa.com/difference-between-ethics-and-morals/

38http://riverwoodstruthproject.blogspot.com/2012/02/lesson-two-questions.html

Should badly deformed infants be kept alive? Should treatment be stopped to allow a

terminally ill patient to die? Should humans be used in experiments?

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Questions of moral judgment

"Introduction to Biomedical Engineering", J. Ederle & J. Bronzino, Academic pressISBN: 9780123749796

What is your opinion related to abortion?

40https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2018/11/8/1811178/-States-Quietly-Pass-Unconstitutional-Abortion-Laws

Process of fertilization occurs Formation of an embryo is initiated

5 days after fertilization The embryo reaches uterus

The number of cells composing the embryo is 50-100

Cells form tight junctions characteristic of a compact epithelium, which is arranged around a central cavity

This is the embryonic stage known as the blastocyst

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http://www.iconceive.com/did-you-know/conception-moment/

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4076099/

"Introduction to Biomedical Engineering", J. Ederle & J. Bronzino, Academic pressISBN: 9780123749796

The exterior cells are the trophoblast and eventually form the placenta

Τhe inner cells of the blastocyst, (isolated and grown in a culture) are identified as embryonic stem cells

Is the embryo a living human being?

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https://slideplayer.com/slide/4076099/

"Introduction to Biomedical Engineering", J. Ederle & J. Bronzino, Academic pressISBN: 9780123749796

Redefining death Terminally ill patient and euthanasia Is the embryo a living human being, entitled

to all of the same rights that a human at any other age would be granted?

Human experimentation Should the government support (i.e., use tax

money to fund) such research?

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What does your

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ETHICS

MORALITY

PHILOSOPHY

say?

Major

Biomedical Engineering (not yet a department in GR)

Biology

Chemistry

Computer science

Engineering

Math

Medicine

Physics45

Research - Academia Sensors to measure human fluids and chemistry Mathematical/ computer models of physiological systems Biomaterials

Industry Medical devices and equipment Computer systems to monitor patients New diagnostic procedures

Pharmaceutical Company Equipment design Producing new drug.

Clinical engineering in hospital Health care delivery system that utilize advanced technology

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47https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/four-bad-habits-rich-people-can-get-away-with-that_us_58efc96de4b04cae050dc59f

ORGAN STORE – Original parts

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http://www.myucdblog.com/tag/biomedical-engineering/