IntroductionIntroduction

to to communicationcommunication

Lesson 2 Slide 2

Lesson 2 Slide 3

What is communication?

•a learned skill•an activity of conveying information and being understood by others

Definition of Definition of communicationcommunication

•Sender•Message•Channel•Receiver•Feedback•Context

Elements of Elements of Communication ProcessCommunication Process

Lesson 2 Slide 6

•Communication takes place when both sender and receiver understand the message in the same way

Factors Affecting

CommunicationStatus/role

Individual Perceptions/Attitudes/Personalities

Known or Unknown Receiver

Cultural Differences

Choice of Communication

Channels

Length Of

communication

Use of Language

Disabilities

Atmosphere/Noise/Distraction

Clarity of Message

LackOf

Feedback

• Similarities or difference in status may affects the effectiveness of the communication process.

• Dealings within and outside of organisation may hamper communication

• Inappropriate choice of channels to send messages can be perceived wrongly and thus create confusion.

• Whether a message is too long or brief, it can affect the communication process

• Poor choice of words, weak sentence structure as well as punctuation can hamper communication.

• Disabilities can seriously impede effective communication, thus hearing or seeing aids can help lessen the problem.

• A known receiver is able to understand your message than an unknown one because of some shared knowledge/ schemata.

• You will have to adapt to some of your receivers in terms of communication preferences and style – auditory, visual or kinesthetics

• Physical noise can affect both the sender and receiver of message as they have to put in extra efforts in order to be understood.

• Is the message conveyed in a clear or ambiguous manner?

• The lack of feedback can sometimes create problems as it can lead to uncertainty and confusion.

Lesson 2 Slide 16

DefiningDefining Written Written

CommunicationCommunication

• Oral communication involves conveying ideas, thoughts or information via a spoken language.

• Written communication involves information exchanged using written symbols, via words and sentence

Lesson 2 Slide 17

• for posterity purpose

• as documentation purpose

• to keep abreast of development

• as proof of acknowledgement

Why Written Why Written Communication Communication

• Idea, logic, argument, phraseology from outside sources must be documented;

• Credit must be given to borrowed materials (quotations, references from primary and secondary sources)

writingprocess

Tips on written

communication

pitfalls to avoid

• requires careful thought and planning

• contain comprehensive information about a specific topic

• should be clear, correct and easy to read

• The writing process basically involves:a)planningb)writingc)editing

• Planning– decide what to say– list down all points – arrange in logical order

• writing– prewriting stage where relevant

information is gathered – practice writing in a clear and

organised way (use paragraphs, layouts, sentences)

– avoid ambiguous sentences

• editing– to check for grammatical errors,

and smooth language– try to get someone to proofread

ChallengesIn

WrittenCommuni-

cation

Lesson 2 Slide 29