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Introduction to computer networkingObjective:

To be acquainted with:

The definitions of networking Network topology

Network peripherals, hardware and software

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Definitions1.1 Network Definition

A network can be defined as two or more

computers connected together in such a waythat they can share resources.

The purpose of a network is to share resources.

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Definitions (cont..)A resource may be:

A file

A folderA printer

A disk drive

Or just about anything else that exists on a computer.

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Definitions (cont..)A network is simply a collection of computers or otherhardware devices that are connected together, eitherphysically or logically, using special hardware and

software, to allow them to exchange information andcooperate. Networking is the term that describes theprocesses involved in designing, implementing,upgrading, managing and otherwise working withnetworks and network technologies.

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Network examples Telephone Satellite

TV programs

Internet ftp

mail

Chat

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Advantages of networking Connectivity and Communication

Data Sharing

Hardware Sharing Internet Access

Internet Access Sharing

Data Security and Management

Performance Enhancement and Balancing

Entertainment

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The Disadvantages (Costs) of Networking Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs

Hardware and Software Management andAdministration Costs

Undesirable Sharing

Illegal or Undesirable Behavior

Data Security Concerns

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Uses of Computer Networks Business Applications

online buying

Home Applications mail, chat

Mobile Users

wireless: laptops, PDA, mobile, in plane

Social Issues

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Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server.

Check bank account

Pay bills

Reserve ticket

The client-server model involves requests and replies.

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Home Network ApplicationsAccess to remote information

Leaning online, downloading

Person-to-person communication

chat, phone

Interactive entertainment games, movies,

Electronic commerce

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Home Network Applications (2) Peer-to-peer (P2P)

E-commerce

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Mobile Network Users Combinations ofwirelessnetworks and mobile

computing

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Social Issues Discussions about

politics,

religion,

Hack and robbery

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What A Network Includes Transmission hardware

Special-purpose hardware devices interconnect transmission media

control transmission

run protocol software

Protocol software encodes and formats data

detects and corrects problems

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Network Hardware Transmission technology (2 types) Broadcast links

Point-to-point links

Scale Local Area Networks (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Wireless Networks

Home Networks

Internetworks

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Media

Wire line

Wireless

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Broadcast NetworksThere are A single communication linkfor all

systems in network = Broadcasting

TV programs: IRIB(Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcast),

Messages (Packets) contain destination address

Multicasting: A subset of systems can get the

message

Usually used in small networks like LANs

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Point-to-pointIndividual connections between pairs of machines.

There are manypathsfrom one machine to another

Need efficient routing algorithms

Usually used in large scale networks like WAN

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How many kinds of Networks?

Depending on ones perspective, we can classify

networks in different ways

Based on transmission media: Wired (UTP, coaxial

cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless

Based on network size: LAN and WAN (and MAN)

Based on management method: Peer-to-peer and

Client/Server

Based on topology(connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring

:

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Intranet and Internet Specifications Intranet:An intranet is a private network that is contained within an

enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks andalso use leased lines in the wide area network.

An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP, and other Internet protocols and in

general looks like a private version of the Internet. With tunneling,companies can send private messages through the public network,using the public network with special encryption/decryption and other

security safeguards to connect one part of their intranet to another. Internet:is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of

networks in which users at any one computer can, if they havepermission, get information from any other computer (and sometimestalk directly to users at other computers).

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