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Design Principle
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ContentsIntroduction to define cylinder: ............................................................................................................... 2
Cylinder ................................................................................................................................................... 5
PISTON ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
WRIST PINE ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Connecting road .................................................................................................................................... 10
Girth ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Crank shaft ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Flowchart .............................................................................................................................................. 19
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Introduction to define cylinder:
As you see in below a cylinder component of 9 parts:
C: Crankshaft
R: Connecting rod
P: Piston
W: Cooling water ducts
V: Valves. Red: exhaust, Blue: intake
S: Spark plug
E: Exhaust valve cam shaft
I: Scavenge air valve cam shaft
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Initially we need to know what a cylinder is.
Acylinderis the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in which a
piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or
engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum oriron before precision features aremachined into it. The cylinders may then be lined with sleeves orliners of some harder
metal, or given a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil. Ceramic linings have also been
tried, so far unsuccessfully, except with low-speed "oilless" steam engines. A cylinder's
displacement, orsweptvolume, is its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore
times pi ) times the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The
engine displacementis the swept volume of one cylinder times the number of cylinders
in the engine.
I described 3 important parts of cylinder in below (as our assignment asked):
Apiston is a component ofreciprocating engines, pumps and gas compressors. It is
located in a cylinderand is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is
to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod
and/orconnecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from
the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the
cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering
ports in the cylinder wall.
The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine
which translates reciprocatinglinearpiston motion into rotation. To convert the
reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crank pins",
additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the "big
ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.
It typically connects to a flywheel, to reduce the pulsation characteristic of the four-
stroke cycle, and sometimes a torsional or vibrational damper at the opposite end, to
reduce the torsion vibrations often caused along the length of the crankshaft by the
cylinders farthest from the output end acting on the torsional elasticity of the metal
In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod orconrod connects the pistonto the crank orcrankshaft. rotary motion to reciprocating motion was made possible
by the connecting the crankshaft to the connecting rod.
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This is my cylinder that I made whit auto desk inverter as you can see in below:
I will explain about my cylinder in next pages and I totally described how I made this.
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Cylinder
For draw a cylinder I needed to draw 2 circles.1 whit 2.008 in (51 mm) diameters and another
one whit 2.403 in (61 mm) diameter.
Then I went to part features and selected extrude [E] then I measured length of cylinder exactly
102 mm as you can see in below.
For material I selected aluminum cast.
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I already described about material of cylinder at introduction thats why I selected aluminium
cast
PISTON
For piston I had to use revolve so I should sketch a rectangular whit length of 2.008 in(51 mm)
and wide of 0.984 in(25 mm) why I selected this measure because piston should go inside the
cylinder and come back so length of piston must be same as diameter of cylinder and wide of
piston must be half of length of cylinder and I made some spaces in top line of rectangular
because of the ring of piston(2 mm and 4 mm) as you see in below.(I also showed all dimension
in below).
Then I went to part features for made 3d shape same as last part and selected revolve and
made the piston as you see in below:
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Then I needed to made hole in piston so I sketched a circle in bottom of piston whit 1.772 in as
you can see in below:
Then I went to part features and made a hole in bottom of piston as you can see in below:
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At This part I wanted made my piston beautiful and different than anyone so I changed and cut
something on piston as you can see in below:
Then I needed to make a hole because I needed to connect wrist pin to piston and then connect
this to connecting road so I sketched circle whit 12 mm diameter as you can see in below:
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The material of piston is aluminum polished.
WRIST PINE
That was very easy to make a wrist pine I just sketched a circle and made that in 3d shape as you can see
in below:
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The diameter of wrist pine is 12 mm and length of this is 25 mm thats why I selected these measures
Because the diameter of hole on piston is 12 mm and wide of piston is 25 mm so these can be fixing
together as well.
The material of wrist pin is metal steel.
Connecting road
For drawing a connecting road I sketched a circle and then I sketched one more circle into the first circle
then I did same but I just changed the measure means I sketched 2 more circles whit space then I
connected circles to each other whit 2 lines at the last part I used trim for cut something and I sketched
2d of connecting road as you can see in below:(I showed all dimension in the 2d shape).
At second part I went to part features and I used extrude for change the 2d to 3d as you can see in
below:
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At the last part I just wanted my connecting road be different and better than anyone so I used fillet and
chamfer to change the connecting road as you can see in below:
The material of connecting road is aluminum machined.
Girth
We need to have two girths one for big circle and another one for small circle for drawing girths I just
copy circles from connecting road and I did same for change the shape from 2d and 3d as you can see:
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Crank shaft
For draw the crank shaft I sketched a line whit 102 mm length I selected this measure according to
length of connecting road because crank shaft has rotate and it should be safe when it has rotate. Then I
draw 2 circles and I sketched a rectangular into the circles then I sketched 2 lines for connecting circles
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to each other as you can see in below(I showed all dimension in the picture):
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At the next part I used trim for cut something and make a crankshaft as you can see in below:
Then I used extrude and made 3d shape
As you can see:
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Then I needed to make a main shaft for connect crank shaft to each other so I sketched a circle on the
crankshaft as you can see:
Then I used extrude to make 3d shape as you can see:
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At finally I assemble all part together and made that in animation as you can see in cd.
Every part I did for made cylinder I put in cd.
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Wrist pinRings
Girth of crankshGirth of wrist
Piston
Body of
Connecting
Assembling
Cylinder & Piston on
crankshaft -Com lete
Assembling
Rings around piston & wrist
pin in it
Cylinder
Assembling Of piston and
connecting rod and
cylinder together
Assembling Of piston andconnecting rod
Assembling
All the parts together
Part of Crankshaft Part of Crankshaft
Assembling
Both girth on the body of
connectin rod
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Connecting
Draw in2Dsketchin
Use trim key
Part feature
Extrude -length
Material
aluminum cast
Girths
Drawing in
2Dsketching
Part feature
Extrude
Filet
Crankshaft
Material
aluminum cast
Drawing 2
circle in 2d
Use delete and
trim ke s
2Dsketching-draw circle of
main shaft
Part feature
Extrude
Material metal
steel plate
AssemblingMaterial metal
steel polished
Part feature
Extrude
2Dsketching-
draw circle of
connecting rod
Part feature
Extrude
Material metal
steel polished
Assembling
Assembling
2Dsketchin and
design
Part feature
Extrude cut
3Dsketching
filet key
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Flowchart
Cylinder
Drawing 2
circle in 2D
sketching
Part feature
Extrude get
the length in
3D sketchin
Select
material
Piston
Drawing lines
spaces in
2Dsketchin
Revolve get the
360 degree
an le
Part feature
Make hole in
bottom select
the bottom and
2D sketching
draw circle
Part feature
Extrude cut
key select
Hole of wrist
pin and design
select level
2Dsketching -
Part feature
Extrude cut
Material
aluminum
Rin s
Drawing 2 circle
in 2D sketching
Part feature
Extrude select
circles and length
Material metal
steel
Wrist pin
Drawing 2 circle
in 2D sketching
Part feature
Extrude select
circles and length
Material
aluminumAssembling
Assembling
Assembling
Assembling