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Introduction to Design Mr S. Crisp
Introduction to Design
Mr S. Crisp
What is Design? Definitions of “Design” often include
words such as: Conceive Formulate Invent Create Plan (including sketching , drawing etc.)
Note that these words are all verbs
Definition of Design (1)
“Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object
or a system.” (http://en.wikipedia.org, January 2013)
Definition of Design (2)“No longer associated simply with objects and appearances, design is increasingly understood in a much wider sense as the
human capacity to plan and produce desired outcomes.”
Bruce Mau, 2007
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (3)“Design is the human power of conceiving, planning, and making products that serve
human beings in the accomplishment of their individual and collective purposes.”
Richard Buchanan, 2001
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (4)
“Design is the purposeful organization of resources to accomplish a goal.”
Hevner et. Al., 2004
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (5)“Design is a conscious and intuitive effort to
impose meaningful order…. Design is both the underlying matrix of order and the tool that
creates it .”
Victor Papanek, 1971
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (6)“Design is, in its most general educational
sense, defined as the area of human experience, skill and understanding that
reflects man’s concern with the appreciation and adaptation in his surroundings in the light
of his material and spiritual needs .”
Bruce Archer, 1979
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (7)
“Design is devising courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred
ones.”
Herbert Simon, 1969
(http://defining-design.net, January 2013)
Definition of Design (8)“Design is the process of conceiving, decidingand documenting the physical characteristics, behaviours and operation of an item or system to achieve requirements set out by a specific
set of criteria”
Mr Crisp, 2013
Design as a Process The design process can be modeled. There are many design process
models. Most are similar and will include, at
least, the following four steps: Investigating Devising Producing Evaluating
Linear Design Model One step of the
process is completed before the next step is begun.
No steps are revisited
Investigating
Devising
Producing
Evaluating
Simple Circular Model The design process is never truly
completed. The end of one design process is
simply the beginning of the nextInvestigating
Devising
Producing
Evaluating
Design Cycle Model Design is not
completed in one single pass.
There are backward steps, loops and iterations within the process of design.
(Taken from International Baccalaureate Middle Years Program)
The Reality of Design
The design process is seldom as simple, neat and orderly as the models
describe
A Realistic Model
Copied from http://www.design-technology.info/designcycle/index.htm, January 2012
http://www.design-technology.info/designcycle/index.htm
A Realistic Model
“The Product” is at the centre of the design process. If this were not so, the effort of design is
frequently wasted and the final product may not meet the original need
There are numerous steps to the design process
A Realistic Model
“Evaluate” appears three times in the model, always followed by “Proposals for Change”. The model does not dictate at which step
the design process is to restart following a change
Between “The Product” and each step of the design process is a layer containing the word “Think”. This needs to be more than just a word
on a diagram The design process is a thinking process!
A Realistic Model
In Summary There are many possible definitions of
“Design” Most models of the design process include
the steps of Investigate, Devise, Produce and Evaluate – often by other names
Design is normally iterative Design models are useful, but the reality is
that the design process is seldom as simple.
Within a School Setting Linear Design
Model Will not repeat this
project Will present the
work in four stages – even if we do double back on some
Investigating
Devising
Producing
Evaluating
Introduction to DesignWhat is Design?Definition of Design (1)Definition of Design (2)Definition of Design (3)Definition of Design (4)Definition of Design (5)Definition of Design (6)Definition of Design (7)Definition of Design (8)Design as a ProcessLinear Design ModelSimple Circular ModelDesign Cycle ModelThe Reality of DesignA Realistic ModelA Realistic ModelA Realistic ModelA Realistic ModelIn SummaryWithin a School Setting
