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Introduction to DisasterManagement
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HPC ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANS
BACKGROUND, APPROACHES,
STRATEGIES AND PROSPECTS
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WHY A HIGH POWERED COMMITTEE?
India is one of the most disaster prone countries, vulnerable to almost
all natural and man made disasters.
A bout 85% area is vulnerable to one or multiple disasters and
about 57% area is in high seismic zone including the capital of
the country.
There is an enormous loss of life and property every year by these
calamities.
UN declared 1999-2000 as IDNDR ± and the focus of decade was
that all countries should have their disaster management plan at
national, state and district level.
India also has a ContingencyAction Plan at a national level. Wehave disaster relief manuals at state level and disaster plans at
district level but these plans are not updated and mainly focus
only on relief and now the Government¶s focus is on preparedness
and mitigation.
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The High Powered Committee (HPC) was
constituted in August 1999 under the
chairmanship of J.C. Pant.
The mandate of the HPC is to preparecomprehensive model plans for disaster management at the national, state and districtlevels.
This is the first attempt in India towards asystematic comprehensive and holistic look at all disasters.
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Terms of reference of HPC are:
Review of existing arrangements for
preparedness and mitigation of natural
and manmade disasters.
Recommendations for strengthening
existing organizational structures.
Preparation of model disaster management plans at the national, state
and district levels.
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Important aspects for consideration of HPC are:
Measures for efficient forecasting and warning.
Existing system of response mechanism in the wake of natural and
man-made disasters at all levels of government and steps to
minimize the response time through effective communication and
measures to ensure adequacy of relief operations.
Development programs related to mitigation of disaster management in different areas and priorities and strategies for
inclusion of disaster reduction components in the on-going
plan/non-plan schemes.
Measures of intensive training for building human resources to
improve awareness and capabilities.
Public awareness programs to build up society¶s resilience to
disasters.
Pro-active measures for disaster preparedness and mitigation ±
administrative, financial, legislative and techno-legal.
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Measures and programs to harness the state-of-art IT for effective
communication network..
Networking mechanism by government/non-government
organization..
Updating of codes, manuals, disaster management plans, items of
relief, norms of assistance of State Governments.. Examining house-building practices/codes and mechanisms for
hazard zonation surveys..
Structural measures for disaster mitigation and preparedness ±
improving design of check dam¶s rising, relocation of flood-prone
villages, renovation/de-silting of ponds, improved emergencydraining systems.
Any other matters incidental or related to natural and man-made
disasters.
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Planning components ± subgroups set up by HPC
Efforts towards integration of concerned agenciesdepartments/Ministers, NGOs, professionals
institutions like IIT¶s, IIM¶s, CSIR Labs, and
educational institutions like NCERT, AIU.
Subgroups:
1. Water and climate related hazards
2. Geological hazards
3. Chemical/Industrial/nuclear disasters4. Accident related disasters
5. Biological disasters.
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Planning Process
The trigger mechanism has been
conceptualized as an `emergency quick
response mechanism¶ which sets intomotion the required prevention and
mitigation measures without any loss of
time with the primary objective of reducing
to the extent possible, the human miseryand loss of resources.
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Concept of trigger mechanism
A committee has been set up to discuss the
concept of trigger mechanism under the
chairmanship of Director General, CivilDefense.
The committee will consider the trigger
mechanism in preparedness and mitigationfor disasters.
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Mapping Missions
A committee has been constituted on
mapping mission under chairmanship of
Ramesh Chandra, ex-chairman CWC, todeliberate on mapping of vulnerable zones
for different types of disasters.
Microzonation of multiple hazard zones inthe country.
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Thirty odd disasters are identified by HPC, which
can be grouped into five categories based on generic
considerations.
1. Water and Climate
Floods
Cyclones Tornadoes and hurricanes
Hailstorms
Cloudburst
Heat wave and cold wave
Snow avalanches
Droughts
Sea erosion
Thunder lightning.
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2. Geological
Landslides and mudflows Earthquakes
Large fire, dam failures and dam bursts
Mine fires
3. Biological
Epidemics
Pest attacks
Cattle epidemics
Food poisoning
4. Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear
Chemical and Industrial and Nuclear
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5. Accidental
Forest fires
Urban fires
Mine flooding
Oil spill Major building collapse
Serial bomb blasts, festival related disasters
Electrical disasters and fires
Air, road and rail accidents
Bomb capsizing
Village fire.
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NGO Consultation
NGOs play a major role in disaster relief andrehabilitation
Their role and responsibilities in disaster
preparedness and mitigation should also be
identified and documented in specific plans.
HPC is planning a nationwide network of NGOs
for greater synergy.
National level NGO consultation held at IIPA on
A pril 21-22, 2000.
Four NGO meets planned in east, west, north, and
south to cover NGOs of the country.
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Disaster Management Planning:Concerns of HPC
Four levels of plan preparation.
Provision for immediate action followingthe declaration of level is imperative.
Creation and management of an intelligent
integrated database, which should beupdated for a focused, measured and fine-
tuned information for quick and effective
response in a disaster situation.
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Disaster Management Planning:
Concerns of HPC (Contd.)
K nowledge-based learning process should be encouraged
for better information:
± Traditional and local knowledge
± Advanced scientific information The response mechanism of the Civil Defense set-up can
be utilized for disaster response and mitigation.
Examination of the scope and possibilities of disaster
insurance.
The effort of the HPC is not to develop a plan de novo but
to ensure constant consolidation, upgradation, updating and
rehearsal.
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Emerging Action Points of HPC (Contd.)
Preparation of source book.
Involvement of private sector: Involvement
of FICCI, ASSOCHAM, CII, Chambers of Commerce mooted.
International dimensions in disaster
management plans:
± Bilateral/mutual sharing of information.
± Cooperation
± HRD
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Focal Issues
Prevention and mitigation ± direction towardsreduction:
± Preparedness ± Response
Focal Concerns
Equity
Quality of relief
Non-discrimination between recipients.
Attention to vulnerable sections of society ± geriatric age group, physically or otherwise
challenged people, women and children etc.
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The Four Levels of Planning
Level 0: Development phase of monitoring and
preparedness.
Level 1: Disasters that can be handled at the district
level.
Level 2: Higher intensity disasters that have to be
handled at the State Government level.
Level 3: Very severe disasters where intervention of
the Center becomes imperative.
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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS /
PLANN
ING
Emergency - unforeseen combination of circumstance or the resulting state that callsfor immediate action.
Disaster - a sudden calamitous event bringinggreat damage, loss or destruction.
Not all emergencies are disasters.
Degree & effectiveness of preparedness spellthe difference between emergency & disaster
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WH Y IS AN EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS PROGR AMNECESS ARY?
EMERGENCIES C AN & DO OCCUR.
PROTECTION - PREPARE IN ADVANCE
C ASE STUD Y : UNEX PECTEDOCCURRENCE.
Boston Massachusetts. Jan 15th 1919
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90 Foot - high metal tank, 282 ft circumference
storage of molasses by purity distillingcompany
Burst
21 People dead, drowned suffocated
DIS ASTER PREPAREDNESSS & EMERGENCY PLANNING - NECESSITY
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Besides Section 41 B (4) of Factories act
1948 and Rules 13 of MSIHC rules underEPA 1986 necessities preparation of OnSite Emergency plan.
However, Preparation & implementationof Emergency Control Management Planfor such eventuality is not substitute formaintaining good working standards of H.S. & E.
It is always better to be prepared forworst when we expect the worse to come.
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OBJECTIVE:The objective of preparation of On SiteEmergency Control Management Plan is to makemaximum use of available resources of man,
machinery & material to
Safe guard people
Avoid damage to environment
Minimize damage to property. Provide treatment to injured.
Prevent further escalation of emergency.
Provide adequate guidelines for critical jobs.
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SCOPE:
The On Site Emergency Control Management Planis partial fulfillment of requirement of Section41(B) 4 of factories Act 1948 & Rule 13 of MSIHC rules 1989 under EPA 1986.
Essential features of this plan are:
Identification of Key personnel & their specificresponsibilities during emergency.
Listing of available resource, their location &stock.
Nature of emergencies, Steps to control it &prevent its escalation.
Communication, training of personnel and mockrehearsal.
Inventories of hazardous chemicals.
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DISASTER MA NAGEMENT
A. minimize risk occurrence -
prevention
B. rapidly control & contain -emergency response
C. effectively rehabilitate - restoration
recovery
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C AUSES OF DIS ASTERS
Inplant emergencies Emergencies in nearby industries
Natural calamities
war, sabotage, riot
DIFF./ PH ASES OF DIS ASTERS. Warning phase
Period of impact
Rescue phase
Relief phase
Rehabilitation phase - longest
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SH AK RUBASTI DIS ASERNEW
DELH
I - 15TH
MA Y
1983.
L.P.G. Bottling plant - I.O.C.
When plant commissioned - no human
settlements
Now several residential colonies around.
13,000 Cylinders/day filled.
Sequencing of events leading to disaster Origin : cylinder repair area 400 defective
cylinders
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24+1 Injured
4 Dead 3 Crores - economic loss
Short comings :
No pre - fire alarms
No gas detection monitors No proper hydrants or sprinkler system
No trained persons in fire fighting
No protective clothing
No full time security officer
No first aid
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TYPE OF EMERGENCIES INSIDE THEFACTORY
In this emergencies considered areindustrial emergencies that may bearising out of failure of plant due tosome manual fault, natural calamity or
sabotage. Situation arising due to aboveproblems may lead to mainly.
1) Fire
2) Explosion3) Spillage of chemical
4) Injuries to personnel
5) All or any combination of the above.
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TR ANS APELL Process Based on UNEPs Awareness and
Preparedness for emergencies at Local
Level{APELL} programme Launched in 1988 in connection withGovernments and with the chemical industry
APELL addresses all emergencies related toindustrial or commercial operations with apotential for fire, explosion, spills or releasesof hazardous materials
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Goals To create or increase community
awareness
Of possible hazards involved with themanufacture, handling and use of hazardouschemicals
Of steps taken by authorities and industry to
protect the community from those hazards To develop emergency response plans in
cooperation with local communities
Risks associated with transportation is also
looked into