Introduction to Food Science and BiochemistryJMRSO 2017 – FOOD SCIENCE

What is biochemistry?uBiochemistry – Branch of science that

explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms

What is chemistry?uChemistry – The science that studies

how molecules and atoms react

Chemical EquationsuReactants – What go into the

equation and reacts together; left side of equation

uProducts - What is produced from the reaction; right side of equation

Chemical EquationsuO2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Groups of ChemicalsuInorganic Chemicals

uDo not contain carbonuExamples

uWater: H2OuTable Salt: NaCluAcid: HCl

Groups of ChemicalsuOrganic Chemicals

uContain carbonuExamples

uCarbohydratesuProteinsuLipids

WateruWater is the single most abundant

compound in most living thingsuIt is inorganicuWater is very cohesive – it sticks to

itself

WateruMost chemical reactions occur in

water because it provides the optimum environmentuex. Transport of molecules

uWhen water is broken, it has 2 parts: H and OH

WateruSince these are equal H ions and OH,

water is considered to be neutraluSome substance can have more

hydrogen which influences pH

pHupH scale ranges from numbers 1-14u7 is neutral (meaning the substance

has equal H and OH ions)

AcidsuIf the substance has more H ions

when broken apart, it is said to be acidic

uIt is the number range of 0-6u0 is the strongest and 6 is considered

to be a weak acid

BasesuIf the substance has more OH ions

when broken apart, it is said to be basic

uIt is the number range of 8-14u14 is the strongest and 8 is considered

a weak base

BuffersuWeak acid - Base pairs that help

regulate the pH systemuEx. When the cell’s pH drops, the

buffer will attract extra H ions so the cell’s pH will regulate

Organic ChemistryuOrganic compounds are any

compounds that contain carbonuThey make up all living organismsuCarbon molecules are held together

by covalent bonds

Organic ChemistryuThere are four organic compounds

(macromolecules), each made up of a smaller unit called a monomerThere are four organic compounds (macromolecules), each made up of a smaller unit called a monomer

Organic ChemistryPolymer

(Macromolecule)Monomer

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (Glucose)

Proteins Amino AcidLipids Glycerol Backbone and

Fatty AcidsNucleic Acids Nucleotides