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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
The science of The science of inheritanceinheritance
Parents and Parents and offspringoffspring
heredity is the set heredity is the set of characteristics of characteristics an organism an organism receives from his receives from his parentsparents
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Gregor MendelGregor Mendel worked with peasworked with peas discovered 7 traits discovered 7 traits
in true breeding pea in true breeding pea plantsplants
F1 generationF1 generation F2 generationF2 generation
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
GeneGene functional unit that functional unit that controls inherited trait controls inherited trait expression that is passed expression that is passed on from one generation to on from one generation to the nextthe next Dominant alleleDominant allele a a
specific trait that appears specific trait that appears in the F1 generationin the F1 generation
Denoted with a capital Denoted with a capital letterletter
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Recessive alleleRecessive allele a a specific trait that is specific trait that is masked in the F1 masked in the F1 generationgeneration
Denoted with a Denoted with a small lettersmall letter
HomozygousHomozygous organism with two of organism with two of the same alleles for a the same alleles for a specific traitspecific trait
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
HeterozygousHeterozygous organism with two organism with two different alleles for a different alleles for a specific traitspecific trait
HybridHybrid organism organism heterozygous for a heterozygous for a specific traitspecific trait
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
SegregationSegregation A process that A process that
separates the separates the two allelestwo alleles
Independent Independent assortmentassortment
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Mendel’s principlesMendel’s principles individual units, called genes, individual units, called genes,
determine biological characteristicsdetermine biological characteristics For each gene, an organism For each gene, an organism
receives one allele from each receives one allele from each parent.parent.
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
if an organism inherits different alleles if an organism inherits different alleles for the same trait, one allele may be for the same trait, one allele may be dominant over the otherdominant over the other
some genes segregate independentlysome genes segregate independently
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
TURN AND TALKTURN AND TALK Expl n om n n E ai d i a ce Expl n om n n E ai d i a ces r t onE n neg ega i a d is r t onE n neg ega i a d i
p n nt ssortmde e de a ep n nt ssortmde e de a entEntE
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
MeiosisMeiosis ChromosomesChromosomes
Forming gametesForming gametes haploid and diploid cellshaploid and diploid cells
HaploidHaploid having one copy of having one copy of each chromosomeeach chromosome
DiploidDiploid having two copies of having two copies of each chromosomeeach chromosome
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Phases of meiosisPhases of meiosis Have students reproduce chart on pg Have students reproduce chart on pg
133 of book.133 of book. Meiosis and genetic diversityMeiosis and genetic diversity
chromosome combinations (pg 134 in chromosome combinations (pg 134 in book)book)
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Crossing overCrossing over exchange of exchange of chromosomal chromosomal segments between segments between a pair of a pair of homologous homologous chromosomes chromosomes during prophase Iduring prophase I
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
TURN AND TALKTURN AND TALK Expl n ow ross nai h c i Expl n ow ross nai h c i ov r n r s s g e i c ea e ge ov r n r s s g e i c ea e ge
n t v rs tEEe ic di e in t v rs tEEe ic di e i
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Analyzing Analyzing inheritance inheritance
ProbabilityProbability Probability and Probability and
geneticsgenetics
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
A closer look at heredityA closer look at heredity Incomplete Incomplete
dominancedominance complex complex heritance pattern in heritance pattern in which the which the heterozygous heterozygous phenotype is phenotype is intermediate between intermediate between two heterozygous two heterozygous parents parents
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Co-dominanceCo-dominance complex inheritance complex inheritance pattern that occurs pattern that occurs when neither allele when neither allele is dominant and is dominant and both alleles are both alleles are expressedexpressed
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO GENETICSGENETICS
Polygenic traitsPolygenic traits characteristic, characteristic, such as eye color such as eye color or skin color, that or skin color, that results from the results from the interaction of interaction of multiple gene pairsmultiple gene pairs