Introduction to GRID computing

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Enabling Grids for E-sciencE

www.eu-egee.org

Introduction to GRID computing

Introduction GRID TutorialJules Wolfrat

SARA

Grid Tutorial, Groningen, September 2006 2


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Definition of Grid

• From an EU brochure:– It doesn’t matter if your team is modeling the Earth’s

atmosphere, designing cars, creating animated films or finding new medicines, the basic principle is the same: your Grid supplies all the computing power, software, data and knowledge you need in one integrated package, and helps project teams work more closely together

• The analogy with the power grid:– Like you can plug in anywhere to the power grid without knowing

where your energy is coming from you can plug into the grid without knowing where your (computing) resources are coming from.



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History (1)

• From a news item in 1991– “Smarr describes the metacomputer as a network of

heterogeneous, computational resources linked by software in such a way that they can be used as easily as a personal computer”

– So the concept was introduced already in the early 90s, known as metacomputing.

– Motivation was the emergence of computer networks.



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Example (1)

Following is an example of the kind of initiatives started in those years from close by:

In 1996 a project was started in Amsterdam:

The Amsterdam Metacomputing project is an ongoing effort from the University of Amsterdam (UvA), the Free University (VU) and "Academic Computing Services Amsterdam" (SARA) to develop a Metacomputer environment on the Amsterdam campus.Important components of this environment will be: automatic distribution and monitoring of jobs over a network of computer systems, uniform access to files of other users from each place to work and to each computer system incorporated in the environment, distributed storage of data on various fileservers, automatic backup, migration and archiving, general availability of both commercial and public domain software on software servers, and a minimum of system management tasks. In this way scientists will be able to devote all of their time to their actual task: science.



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Example (2)

An extensive package of services will gradually be implemented and finally include the following components:

• fileservers and distributed, transparent file-systems; • backup, migration and archiving services; • batch-queueing systems, designed for efficient use of local systems, and if desired, of computational servers supplied by SARA;• public domain and specialist (commercial) software servers.

All components will be accessible from the scientist's desktop. A client-server architecture will play an important role. Combining components will be a relatively easy task, enhancing efficiency in terms of man-hours needed to accomplish a given task. These pages, as well as the Metacomputer are still in a development stage ……..



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Example (3)

Parsytec CC56 CPUsIBM SP2

76 CPUs

CRAY YMP Vector system

Systems available at SARA in 1996



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Example (4)

• SARA news item on 16-6-1998– Basis voor meta-omgeving gelegd.

– Sinds 4 mei maakt SARA's IBM RS/6000 SP parallelle supercomputer gebruik van de DCE/DFS omgeving, een filesysteem dat een transparante computeromgeving mogelijk maakt. Met het nieuwe filesysteem zijn bestanden van DCE/DFS gebruikers wereldwijd toegankelijk met andere computersystemen die beschikken over DCE/DFS, waarmee een belangrijke basis is gelegd voor de meta-omgeving.

– Gebruikers aan de VU science faculty hebben nu op een uniforme manier toegang tot hun bestanden, ongeacht of ze werken op de RS/6000 SP of een lokaal workstation. Hetzelfde geldt voor gebruikers van het Parsytec CC systeem bij SARA: vanaf zowel de Parsytec als de RS/6000 SP zijn alle bestanden voor de gebruiker direct toegankelijk.



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Example (5)

• A web interface was developed for submitting jobs to the metacomputing environment, also a meta job language was used.

• Also job migration between systems and mpi over two systems was investigated– First time we heard about globus, one of the well known building

blocks now for grid infrastructures.

– Network link between systems was a problem, only FE link, Gbit not available, HiPPI (800 Mbps) not available for Parsytec.



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Today (1)

• So what is new today? – Scale! Grid infrastructures operate worldwide

• International infrastructures - EGEE, DEISA, Nordugrid, OSG, TeraGrid

• National – NAREGI (Japan), UK-eScience, D-Grid, NLGrid

– Interoperability – availability of middleware – Globus toolkit, UNICORE, NAREGI, schedulers



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Today (2)

• Some basic requirements for a grid infrastructure– Transparent user administration – single sign on (single

grid identity), authorisation and accounting based on grid identity – AAA facilities

– Job scheduling – which can handle different environments

– Global data access

– Global information services – job information, data information, resource information

• Interoperability!– Standards needed for federation of infrastructures – GGF,

IETF….



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Networking (1)

• Developments in network connectivity (high bandwidths) and tools play an important role

– 10 Gbps WAN links available today, both shared links and dedicated lightpaths (based on lambda technology)

– 1 Gbps network adapters are commodity items on systems today and 10GE adapters available



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Networking (2)

– GridFTP can use multiple streams in order to take full advantage of available bandwidth

– Parallel files systems can take full advantage of underlying high speed networks - throughput can be in the order of 100MByte/s and more

– Tuning of WAN TCP must get attention, e.g. latencies are in the order of milliseconds (~20 in Europe), defaults on systems mostly not suited for bulk data transports.



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SURFnet6 DWDM on dark fiber

Dordrecht1

Breda1

Tilburg1

DenHaag

NLR

BT

BT NLR

BT

Zutphen1

Lelystad1

Subnetwork 4: Purple

Subnetwork 3: Red

Subnetwork 1: Green

Subnetwork 2: Dark blue

Subnetwork 5: Grey

Emmeloord

Zwolle1

Venlo1

Enschede1

Groningen1

LeeuwardenHarlingen

Den Helder

Alkmaar1

Haarlem1

Leiden1

Assen1

Beilen1

Meppel1

Emmen1

Arnhem

Apeldoorn1

Bergen-op-ZoomZierikzee

Middelburg

Vlissingen Krabbendijke

Breukelen1

Ede

Heerlen2Geleen1

DLO

Schiphol-Rijk

Wageningen1 Nijmegen1

Hilversum1

Hoogeveen1

Lelystad2

Amsterdam1

Dwingeloo1

Amsterdam2

Den Bosch1

Utrecht1

Beilen1

Nieuwegein1Rotterdam1

Delft1

Heerlen1

Heerlen1

Maastricht1

Eindhoven1

Maasbracht1

Rotterdam4

3XLSOP

IBG1 & IBG2Middenmeer1

Muenster

SURFnet 6 infrastructure



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NetherLight – Lightpath connections to the Netherlands

3rd quarter 2005

622M GLORIAD

GLORIAD-RU @NIKHEF

GE



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Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF)

World Map

www.glif.isVisualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Data compilation by Maxine Brown, University of Illinois at Chicago. Earth texture from NASA.



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GEANT2 topology



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The EGEE project

• EGEE– 1 April 2004 – 31 March 2006

– 71 partners in 27 countries, federated in regional Grids

– Operation of a pan European production Grid

• EGEE-II– 1 April 2006 – 31 March 2008

– Expanded consortium• 91 partners

• 11 Joint Research Units

– Natural continuation of EGEE

– Emphasis on providing production-level infrastructure• increased support for applications

• interoperation with other Grid infrastructures

• more involvement from Industry



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The EGEE infrastructure

• Mission– Manage and operate production e-Infrastructure open to all

user communities and service providers

– Contribute to Grid standardisation and policy efforts

• Infrastructure operation– Currently include ~200 sites across 39 countries

– Continuous monitoring of Grid services in a distributed global infrastructure

– Automated site configuration/management

• Future– Expand on interoperability with related infrastructures



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EGEE-II Federations and Countries



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Operational Organisation



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User Support Activities



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User support in NE region

• NE website: http://www.egee-ne.org/operations

• User support: contact user support at local site or mail to [email protected] – NE uses a ticketing system monitored by different

partners from our region. In NL NIKHEF, RC-RuG, SARA responsible.

– Tickets from GGUS are also imported in the NE system

• Application support – NA4 activity. In NL RC-RuG, SARA

http://www.egee-ne.org/operations

Grid Tutorial, Groningen, September 2006


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A Selection of Monitoring tools

1. GIIS Monitor 2. GIIS Monitor graphs 3. GOC Data Base

4. Scheduled Downtimes6. Live Job Monitor

5. GridIce – VO view



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The DEISA project

• Objective: To enable Europe’s terascale science by the integration of Europe’s most powerful supercomputing systems.

• DEISA is an European Supercomputing Service built on top of existing national services. This service is based on the deployment and operation of a persistent, production quality, distributed supercomputing environment with continental scope.

Grid Tutorial, Groningen, September 2006 26GEAN

T

AIX distributedsuper-cluster

Vector systems(NEC, …)

Linux systems(SGI, IBM, …)

THE DEISA SUPERCOMPUTING GRID


BSC Barcelona Supercomputing Centre Spain

CINECA Consortio Interuniversitario per il Calcolo Automatico Italy

CSC Finnish Information Technology Centre for Science Finland

EPCC/HPCx University of Edinburgh and CCLRC UK

ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast UK (int)

FZJ Research Centre Juelich Germany

HLRS High Performance Computing Centre Stuttgart Germany

IDRIS Institut du Développement et des Ressources France

en Informatique Scientifique - CNRS

LRZ Leibniz Rechenzentrum Munich Germany

RZG Rechenzentrum Garching of the Max Planck Society Germany

SARA Dutch National High Performance Computing The Netherlands

and Networking centre

Participating Sites


DEISA technologies

• GPFS – parallel filesystem for transparent file access from all systems – dedicated European network used for high throughput

• Loadleveler-MC for job submission on AIX systems• UNICORE for job submission to all systems• Common Programming Environment (CPE) on all systems for

DEISA users• Single username on all systems


Access

• Users can submit proposals for access to DEISA resources through DECI (DEISA Extreme Computing Initiative) calls

• Proposals are evaluated by national committees and depending on ranking get access to resources

• Most partners contribute about 10% of their resources for DEISA applications

• URL: www.deisa.org

http://www.deisa.org/

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Introduction to GRID computing

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