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Introduction to HTML Information System Laboratory April 2008 By: Soheil Davari
Introduction to HTML
Information System Laboratory
April 2008
By: Soheil Davari
What is the Internet• It began with the US government's need to find a way to link several computer networks together so that files could be shared.
• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) created ARPAnet, which became the first WAN.
• Eventually, this led to an Internet Protocol (IP) a common computer language enabling all computers to talk to each other.
• All that changed in the early 1990s. At that time, a new protocol was created. That protocol, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), enabled information on the Internet to be accessed from anywhere, by anyone.
• Stands for Hypertext Markup Language. Most documents that appear on the World Wide Web were written in HTML.
What is HTML?• You can apply this markup language to your pages to display text, images, sound and movie files, and almost any other type of electronic information. You use the language to format documents and link them together, regardless of the type of computer with which the file was originally created.
• To work with HTML, Specific elements of a document (such as heading, body, and footer), and then defining the way those elements should behave. These elements, called tags, are created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
• Tags are elements of a Web page that are used to define how those pages should behave. They are most often used in pairs, which surround the element they are defining.
• W3C develop the protocols that make up the World Wide Web. Currently, the W3C has 180 members from commercial, academic, and governmental organizations worldwide.
HTML ExtensionsXHTML
Stands for eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language. It
is the next generation of HTML.
XML
Stands for eXtensible Markup Language. It is the
newest language being developed by the W3C, and is
also the most flexible
Some Definitions
Internet Service Provider (ISP)A company that provides you with access to the Internet.
IntranetThis is like your own private Internet in that it uses the same HTTP as the World Wide Web, but it is accessible only by people within your own network.
Web HostA company that stores (hosts) information that can be accessed from the Internet using the HTTP. A Web host may also be called a Web Presence Provider (WPP).
Where to Write HTML CodesAlthough you can also create Web pages using some word processors
(such as Microsoft Word) and some WYSIWYG programs (such as
Microsoft FrontPage).
WYSIWYG is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get. It generally
refers to software programs that enable you to see what the page looks
like without seeing all the program's formatting codes.
A Simple HTML Sample<html>
<head>
<title>Test Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Professor Fazel & Intelligent Information Systems.</p>
</body>
</html>
XHTMLHTML Tag Closing Description of Use
<!DOCTYPE> Begins each XHTML document and includes a reference to the Strict, Transitional, or Frameset variation.
<html> </html>Surrounds all the text in an HTML file. XHTML documents must include the xmlns, xml:lang, and lang attributes.
<head> </head> Contains information about the document. Must include the <title> tag.
<title> </title> Identifies the title of the page.
<body> </body> Surrounds the text of the page.
RecapitulationAny text editor, including Microsoft Notepad, can be used to create Web pages (or HTML documents).
All HTML documents are separated into two parts: the head and the body.
Every HTML document must include the <html> tag and end with its complement, the </html> tag.
Every XHTML document must include a valid variation of the <!DOCTYPE> tag before the <html> tag.
All HTML tags (except the <!DOCTYPE> tag) should be typed in lowercase.
Another Sample
<head><title>Typing Paragraphs in HTML</title></head><body><p>I am Soheil Davari.,<br /><br /><br />This is the IS Lab.</p><p>I hope you enjoy HTML.</p><p>:)</p></body></html>
HTML TagsHTML Tag Closing Description of Use
<b> </b> Text appears boldface.
<big> </big> Text appears one size larger than normal.
<br /> Line break. Forces text to the next line.
<em> </em> Text appears emphasized (italic). Usually the same as <i>.
<h1> </h1> A first-level heading.
<h2> </h2> A second-level heading.
<i> </i> Text appears emphasized (italic).
<meta /> Identifies information about the document.
<p> </p> Paragraph break. Forces a blank line.
<small> </small> Text appears one size smaller than normal.
<strong> </strong> Text appears boldface. Same as <b>.
<sub> </sub> Text appears in subscript.
<sup> </sup> Text appears in superscript.
<tt> </tt> Text appears monospaced, as if typed.
Another Sample<head><title>Multi-Language Document</title></head><body>Please <a href="http://www.aut.ac.ir">click here</a> toopen AUT Site.</body></html>
<head><title>Mail Me</title></head><body><a href="mailto:[email protected]">Click here</a> to send mail to Me</body></html>
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
ArcGIS
