INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY

pp. 907-910

cells tissues organs organ systems

BODY TISSUES

• muscle: contract in coordination upon stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

• nervous: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons)

• epithelial: line surfaces of bodies, cavities, canals

• connective: cells surrounded by extra-cellular, non-living tissue called a matrix (bone, cartilage, tendons, blood)

ORGANS• Tissues working together

BODY CAVITIES

• Spinal, cranial, thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic

Know the locations in your body

ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Skeletal: protection and support

• Muscular: support and movement

• Respiratory: Gas exchange

• Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals througout body.

• Endocrine: controls body function via chemical messengers.

• Nervous: regulates body via impulses

• Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food

• Excretory: removal of liquid and solid wastes

• Reproductive: production of sex cells to make offspring

Immune: Fights pathogens and disease

Integumentary: protection and thermoregulation

• Barrier against mechanical and chemical injury

• Protection of microbial invasion• Insulation against heat loss• Evaporative cooling through sweating• Sensory for environment• Vitamin (D) synthesis

SKIN• Epidermis- dermal pigmentation

Melanocytes make melanin (melanin is

a black pigment and carotene is an

orange pigment) and is inherited• Dermis-inner layer composed of blood

vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands

• Glands 1. Oil glands attached to hair follicles

secrete sebum (oils)

2. Sweat glands regulate body temperature• Subcutaneous: fat cells (insulation)

• Nails are made of keratin (like hair) and protec ends of toes and fingers

• Hair is produced by hair follicles and insulates the body