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Introduction to Interior Design
What is interior design?
Interior Design
To create a functional and beautiful living environment.
Elements of Design
• The guidelines used to create pleasing designs are called the elements and principles of design.
• The elements of design include:– Space– Line– Form– Texture– Color
Elements of DesignThe guidelines used to create pleasing designs are called the elements and principles of design.
Space
Shape
Line
Texture
Color
SpaceThe area between objects in a room
• Different sized spaces convey a range of feelings.– Large, open spaces give people a feeling of freedom
and luxury.• Too much open space can make people feel lonely
and uncomfortable.• Rooms with high ceilings or too few furnishings
can have this effect as well.• Empty parts of room may look larger than smaller
areas containing furniture.– Crowded spaces with too much furniture may make
you feel confined.• Or they may make you feel snug and secure.
Arranging Space
• Two general choices– Fill the space or leave much of it empty.
• To make a smaller space appear larger, keep as much open space as possible.– You might also install mirrors to visually enlarge a
room.– Choose dual purpose furniture
• A shelf unit with cabinets, a seat with storage,
• For large space, divide the room into different areas.– By arranging furniture in small clusters and using
area rugs to visually divide a large room.
What are your feelings about this space?
ShapeThe solid form or structure of
an object.
LineThe outline of an object
2 points that are connected
They give direction and divide space.
TypesHorizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Curved
LinesVertical lines– feeling of power, dignity and strength, height
Lines
Horizontal lines—sturdy, calm, restful
LinesDiagonal lines—create activity, excitement and motion
Lines
Curved lines—soften objects, graceful and delicate effect
Creating Effects with Line
• A variety of lines is desirable in a room design.
– When people see a line, their eyes tend to follow it.
• Line adds height (such as homes with tall windows)
• Low sofas can draw your gaze around the room and create the illusion of greater width.
• By aligning the tops of picture frames you can create the effect of a continuous line.
What types of lines do you see?
Describe the line used here.
Texture
The way an object feels and looks.
May be rough, smooth, shiny, hard, soft, etc.
FormalSmooth texture
InformalRough texture
Color
One of the most important tools
Influences how people feel and the mood of the room
Principles of Design
Harmony
Proportion
Scale
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
HarmonyCombination of
variety and unityUnity: The room is tied together with a common denominatorVariety: There are different shapes, colors and objects in a room
Proportion Scale
The way that one part of the object relates to the whole of the design.
Golden Mean
The way an object relates to another object.
Effective ratios:
2:3, 3:5, 5:8, 4:7
Balance
The feeling of rest
Equal weight on all parts of the room
Formal
Both sides are the same
Informal
Sides are different
Informal Balance
Formal Balance
Is this formal or informal balance?
Rhythm
The feeling of movement in a room.Moves your eye from one point to another.
What moves your eye through this room?
RhythmRepetition—a design tool is repeated
Rhythm
Transition– how one part of the design changes to another part
RhythmRadiation—moves your eye out from a central point
Rhythm
Gradation—moves you eye from light to dark or from small to large
Emphasis
The focal point of a room
Focuses your attention
Is it beautiful?
Industrial Traditional Contemporary
Country FrenchRococoAsian