Introduction to Matter Ch 1 The Properties of Matter Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 6–8 Standard 1. Differentiate between weight and mass, recognizing that weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object. 1.1 What is Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Volume is the amount of space taken up. Measuring Volume in Liquids In science, we usually use liters (L) or milliliters (mL) as units. In the lab, we use graduated cylinders to measure liquid volume Using a graduated cylinder To measure most liquids in a graduated cylinder, you must look at the bottom of the meniscus. What is the volume:
Transcript
Introduction to MatterCh 1 The Properties of Matter
Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 6–8 Standard
1. Differentiate between weight and mass, recognizing that weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object.
1.1 What is Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Volume is the amount of space taken up.
Measuring Volume in Liquids
In science, we usually use liters (L) or milliliters (mL) as units.
In the lab, we use graduated cylinders to measure liquid volume
Using a graduated cylinder
To measure most liquids in a graduated cylinder, you must look at the bottom of the meniscus.
What is the volume:
Volume of regularly Shaped solid
Volume = length x width x height
Volume of irregularly shaped solidMeasure the amount of water displaced by the solid
Mass vs Weight Inertia
The tendency of an object to continue its state of motion.
More mass = More inertia
ie. an object in motion will continue to move unless acted upon by an outside force.
Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 6–8 Standard
2. Differentiate between volume and mass. Define density.
1.2 Physical Properties
what can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity
A change that only change the physical properties of a substance (not chemical)
ex. freezing, dissolving, changing shape
Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 6–8 Standard
3. Recognize that the measurement of volume and mass requires understanding of the sensitivity of measurement tools (e.g., rulers, graduated cylinders, balances) and knowledge and appropriate use of significant digits.
Significant Digits
a good rule to follow is to report all the values we can read with certainty and one estimated value, which is uncertain.
Basic rules1. Any non-zero digit is significant.2. Zeros between non-zero digits are always significant.
Example: 3,606 has _____ significant figures.
3. Zeros that indicate the decimal point are not significant.
Example: 360,600 has _____ significant figures.
4. Zeros following a decimal are significant.
Example: 3.60 has _____ significant figures but 3.6 has _____ .
5. Zeros appearing before a non-zero digit are not significant.
Example: 0.009 only has _____ significant figure.
Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics), Grades 6–8 Standard
4. Explain and give examples of how mass is conserved in a closed system.
Law of Conservation of Mass
In all reactions, the amount of mass stays the same, even if there is a change to:
