Introduction to

Information Technology

Department of Industrial Engineering

Institut Teknologi Nasional

Bandung - 2014

What is information technology?

: the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. [Merriam-Webster Dictionary]

: processing of data via computer; the use of technologies from computing, electronics, and telecommunications to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. [Microsoft Encarta Dictionary 2006]

Extension of IT to ICT

Sometimes the term IT is extended to ICT:

Information Technology (IT)

+

integrated (tele)communication

=

Information and Communication Technology

(ICT)

What is computer?

: electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]

History of computer and IT

Abacus: an old calculation tool

(Sumerian abacus

History of computer and IT

Charles Babages difference engine (1820s) and then analytical engine (1830s)

Blaise Pascals mechanical calculator (1642)

History of computer and IT

IBM punched card

Accounting Machine (1936)

Punched card: discrete data

storage since 1800s [Microsoft Encarata Encyclopedia 2006]

History of computer and IT

ENIAC (Electronic Numerator Integrator and Computer): first

generation digital computer (1946) [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]

History of computer and IT

IBM Mainframe Computers (1970s)

History of computer and IT

IBM PC (1970/1980)

Apple I PC (1976)

Personal Computers (PC)

First Apple Macintosh PC

(1984)

History of computer and IT

Now, the micro-world: notebooks, tablets, and smartphones

History of computer and IT

Now, the meso-world: servers and server-room

History of computer and IT

Now, the macro-world: the internet, world-wide web, and cloud

computing

History of computer and IT

Now, the giants: supercomputers for the purpose of highly-

complex scientific computing (e.g. nuclear simulation, etc.)

Blue Gene/P supercomputer

with 250,000 parallel processors

Cray-2 supercomputer

Three core aspects of computer

Hardware

Software

Peopleware

Hardware

Hardware is the tangible components Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.

Processor and the mainboard.

Storage devices: hard-disk, CD/DVD, flash-disk, etc.

Output devices: screen, printer, speaker, etc.

Data communication devices: modem, hub/switch, wireless access point, etc.

Hardware

Interaction of hardwares in a computer system [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]

Hardware This is CPU (Central Processing Unit)

or microprocessor

This is not CPU, but the CPU is inside it.

What should we name this thing? :)

Software

Software is a set of instructions, programmed to the hardware.

Operating system: basic program to enable the use of the hardware

Application: specific program to perform one or more tasks

Software development application: application for developing other application, by using a programming language

Software

Example:

Operating system: Windows, Linux, UNIX, iOS, Android, etc.

Application: Windows Media Player, Calculator, Microsoft Office, Acrobat Reader, etc.

Programming Language: Java, Visual Basic, C++, C#, etc.

Software development application: Microsoft Visual Basic.Net, Sun Java Developer, etc.

Peopleware

Peopleware (or brainware) is the people related to the computer Programmer: the one who develops the

software Operator: the one who uses application System analyst & designer: the one who

analyzes a problem and proposes computing solution to the problem

System administrator: the one who takes responsibility for the computers system

IT in Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipments, and energy. [Institute of Industrial Engineers]

IT in Industrial Engineering

From the interviews by Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE) SOLUTIONS magazine, in January 1999:

30 ways to be a better Industrial Engineers: 1. 2. ... 16. Master Microsoft Excel! 17. ... 30.

IT in Industrial Engineering

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system: the

information integration of the whole enterprise

IT in Industrial Engineering

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an integrated information system that serves all

departments within an enterprise.

An ERP system can include software for:

manufacturing order entry sales accounting and finance purchasing warehousing distribution and transportation human resources etc.

IT in Industrial Engineering

Some major ERP vendors and the softwares:

SAP: SAP Business Suite, SAP ERP

Oracle: Oracle E-Business Suite

Microsoft: Microsoft Dynamics

IT in Industrial Engineering

CAD/CAM (Computer Aided-Design and Manufacturing) software: the

computer-assisted mechanical design and the integration to

manufacturing processes

IT in Industrial Engineering

Computer simulation: one of the most widely used

industrial engineering tools