IntroductiontoLaTeX
Slides adapted from Byungwon Woo
WhatisLaTeX?
• LaTeXispronounced“lay-tech”or“lah-tech,”not“la-teks.”
• LaTeXisadocumentpreparationsystemforhigh-qualitytypesetting.
• LaTeXismostoftenusedtoproducetechnicalorscientificdocuments,butitcanbeusedforalmostanyformofpublishing.
WhyUseLaTeX?• Designedbyacademicsandeasilyaccommodatesacademic
use.• Professionallycraftedpredefinedlayoutsmakeadocument
reallylookasif“printed.”• Mathematicalsymbolsandequationsareeasilyintegrated.• Evencomplexstructuressuchasfootnotes,references,table
ofcontents,andbibliographiescanbegeneratedeasily.• Forcesauthortofocusonlogicalinsteadofaestheticstructure
ofadocument.• Createsmorebeautifuldocuments.• Portable,compatible,flexible,versatile,andcheap(orfree)!
ImagesfromDarioTaraborelli’sBlog
InstallingLaTeX• InWindows (CTex,中文的)• MiKTeX
– MiKTeXisatypesettingsystemfortheWindows.– Downloadfromwww.miktex.org forfree– ItisgenerallyrecommendedtoinstallMiKTeXfirst,thenWinEdt.
• WinEdt– WinEdtisatexteditor.– WinEdtcreatesthesourcefile(.texandothers).– Downloadfromwww.winedt.com forfreefor30days.– WinEdtcosts$30.
InstallingLaTeX• Othertexteditors
– Thereareothertexteditors.– Winshellforfree(http://www.winshell.de/)– ScientificWorkplace
• CombinationofLaTeXandMathematicsprogram• Doesagoodjobofcalculatingandgraphing,veryuserfriendly,butexpensive
• InMac• TexShop+ TexMaker
– Downloadforfreehttp://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/
– Includeseverything!
DIY
BasicDocumentStructure
• Theformatofadocumentisprettysimple.– Inthepreamble
• Documentclass• Packages
– Inthefrontmatter• Title/author
– Inthebody• Contents
– Inthebackmatter• bibliography
InthePreamble
• Youspecifyyourdocumentclass.– Documentclasses:letter,article,report,book,slides(beamer,prosper)
• \documentclass[12pt]{article}• Backslash– atthebeginningoftextmarkupcommand
– Packages:numerouspackagesareavailable• \usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}• \usepackage{setspace}• \usepackage{harvard}
IntheFrontMatter
• \begin{document}• \title{}• \author{}• \maketitle• \begin{abstract}• \end{abstract}• \pagebreak
IntheBody
• Tobeginanewsection• \section{}
– Similarly,\subsection{},\subsubsection{},\subsubsubsection{}
– LaTeX doesautomaticnumbering.Ifyoudon’tlikeit,usesection*{}
• \emph{},\textbf{}• \singlespacing,\doublespacing,\onehalfspacing• \centeringor\begin{centering}&\end{centering}
Footnotes/Quotes/Equations• \footnote{}• \begin{quote}&\end{quote}• `’,``’’forquatations• MathematicalEquations
– Mathalwaysinbetween$&$• Alternatively,\begin{equation}&\end{equation}
– $1+4=5$– \frac{}{},\sqrt{},\sum_{k=1}^{n}– ^{},_{}– \greekletters(e.g.\alphaor\Alpha)– WinEdtalsoprovidesclickandtypefunctions.
Citations
• \cite{bibtexkey},citeyear{bibtexkey}• Itismoreconvenienttocreateabibliographyfile,calledbibtexfile(.bib)anduseitasneeded.
• WinEdtiscapableofcreatingabibfile,buttherearemoreconvenienttoolsoutthere.
• JabRef(http://jabref.sourceforge.net/)
CreatingaTable• Addnumberedtable
– \begin{table}\caption{}• Creatingatable• Simpletablescanbeproducedby
– \begin{tabular}[pos]{tablespec}– Withinthe{tablespec}section,onedetailsthenumberofcolumns,
thealignment,andthenumberofverticallinesofthetable.• {lrc},{|l|r|c}
– Thentypeinfromlefttoright,thevaluesforeachcellwith&inbetween.
– Put“\\”attheendofeachrow,theninputanotherrowofvaluesifneeded.
– \hline– ForSTATAusers,afterdownloadingthe“outtex”packageonline,one
cansimplytype“outtex”afteranyestimationandSTATAwillspitoutLaTeXcodefortheresultstablepresented.
Creatinga4*3Table• \begin{table}[h]• \caption{SummaryofConclusionsfromDiagnosticTests}• \begin{tabular}{llll}• \hline• \hline• &Macropartisanship &ConsumerSentiment&Presidential
Approval\\• \hline• JointFtest&$d=1$&$d=1$&$d=0$\\• VRtest&$0<d\leq1$&$d=1$&$0<d\leq1$\\• \hline• \end{tabular}• \end{table}
IntheBackMatter
• Don’tforgetbibliography{filename}– Makesurethatthebibtexfileissavedinthesamelocationwherethemaintexfileissaved.
• Don’tforgetend{document}
SeeingtheDocument
Pressonthesmilingbeartoconvertto.dvi
PressonthePDF/LaTeXtoconvertto.pdf
PressonthePDF+happybeartoconvertto.pdfandopenit
CreatingLatexFiles
Your Latex File Your Bibtex File
Latex compile x3
Bibtex compile x2
Latex compile x3
Your Postscript File
dvips compile x1Device independentoutput .dvi
(a text file)
LatexFileStructure
• DocumentClassPredefinedFormats(article,report,book,..).
• PackagesusedAddedFunctionality(graphics,referencestyle,...).
• MainBodyTextandBibliographyReferences.
TheBasics• DocumentClass
\documentclass[options]{class}options=a4paper,11pt,12pt,10pt,twocolumn,landscape,...class=article,report,book,...
• Packages\usepackage{package name}epsfig = insert PS pictures into the documentfancyhdr = easy definition of footer and header
BodyofText• Startwith\begin{document}• Endwith\end{document}• TypesettingText
– \\ or\newline and\newpage– Quotations– Bold\textbf{……………} or \bf – Italics\emph{…………} or\textit{………} or\it– Underline\underline{…………} or \ul
BodyofTextcont…• IncludingMultipleFiles
– \input{filename.tex}
Format• Sections
– \section{…} =1.LatexisGreat– \subsection{…} =1.1WhyLatexisGreat– \subsubsection{…} =1.1.1ReasonOne– \appendix - changesnumberingscheme– \chapter{…} - Tobeusedwithbookandreportdocumentclasses
• Titles,Authorsandothers– \title{…} \author{…}– \footnote{…}
FormatContd.• \maketitle - DisplayTitleandAuthor• \tableofcontents - generatesTOC• \listoftables - generatesLOT• \listoffigures - generatesLOF• Labels
– \label{marker} - Markerindocument.– \pageref{marker} - Displayspageno.ofmarker.– \ref{marker} - Displayssectionlocationofmarker.
• Itemize– Useeitherenumerate,itemize ordescription.– seehandoutforexample.
Lists
• Source– \begin{itemize}– \item Apple– \item Orange– \end{itemize}
• Result– Apple– Orange
Lists
• Enumerate insteadofitemize givesanumberedlist
• Listscanberecursive
Environment
• Somethingbetween– \begin{name}– \end{name}
• Manycommand,forexample\bf affectthetextuntiltheendofenvironment
• Environmentscanberecursive• Examples:
– itemize, center, abstract
Group
• Groupissometextbetween{and}• Manycommandsworkuntiltheendofthegroup
• Code– put{oneword\bfinbold}here
• Result– putonewordinbold here
Alignment
• Environmentscenter, flushleft, flushright
• Example– \begin{flushright}– Right aligned– \end{flushright}
• ResultRight aligned
Fontsize
\tiny \scriptsize\footnotesize
\small \normalsize
\large \Large
\LARGE \huge\Huge
ExampleofLatexdocument
\documentclass{article}
\title{Simple Example}
\author{Andrei Gurtov}
\date{March 2000}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
Hello world!
\end{document}
Tabular• Columns– \begin{tabular}{|…|…|}– \end{tabular}
• Rows– & - Splittextintocolumns– \\ - Endarow– \hline - Drawlineunderrow– e.g.123123 & 34.00\\ \hline
Two Columns
l = automatically adjust size, left justify
r = automatically adjust size, right justify
p = set size e.g p{4.7cm}
c = centre text
Exampleoftable\begin{tabular}{|l|r|c|} \hline
Date & Price & Size \\ \hlineYesterday & 5 & big \\ \hline
Today & 3 & small \\ \hline\end{tabular}
Date Price Size Yesterday 5 Big
Today 3 Small
FloatingObjects• Floatingobjects canstopsplittingoftablesandimagesoverpages.\begin{figure}[options]
\end{figure}\begin{table}[options]
\end{table}
• Theywillnowappearinthe– ListofFigures(LOF) and– ListofTables(LOT). Options (recommendations)
h = place table heret = place at top of pageb = place at bottom of page
Exampleoffloatingfigure
• \begin{figure}[ht]• \centering\epsfig{file=uni.ps,width=5cm}• \caption{UniversityofHelsinki}• \label{uni}• \end{figure}
Figure~\ref{uni} shows...
Images• Useepsfigpackage• \usepackage{epsfig}
• Includingimagesinmainbody• \epsfig{file=filename.eps, width=10cm, height=9cm, angle=90}
• CreatingEPS- Usexvand/orxfig.• MSPowerPoint,saveasGIFandconverttoEPS.
Bibliographybyhand
\begin{thebibliography}{}\bibitem[Come95]{Come95}Comer,D.E.,{\itInternetworkingwithTCP/IP:Principles,ProtocolsandArchitecture},volume1,3rdedition.Prentice-Hall,1995.\end{thebibliography}
BibliographyusingBibtex
• Bibliographyinformationisstoredina*.bibfile,inBibtexformat.
• Includechicagopackage– \usepackage{chicago}
• Setreferencingstyle– \bibliographystyle{chicago}
• Createreferencesectionby– \bibliography{bibfilewithnoextension}
BibliographyusingBibtex
@book{Come95,author=“D.E.Comer”,title={InternetworkingwithTCP/IP:Principles,ProtocolsandArchitecture},
publisher=“Prentice-Hall”,year=1995,volume=1,edition=“Third”}
Bibliographycontd.• Citingreferencesintext
– \cite{cuc98} =(Cuce1998)– \citeN{cru98} =Crud(1998)– \shortcite{tom98} =(Tom,et.al.1998)
• CreatingBibtexFiles– UseEmacswithextensions.– orcopyBibtexentriesfrombibliographydatabase.
SomeMath\begin{center}{\large$$y=\frac{a^3+2c_{x}}{1+\sqrt{b_{x}}}$$\\\vspace{0.2in}$$
Q=\sum_{i=1}^{j}\int_{\mu}^{\infty}f(x_{j})dx$$\\
\vspace{0.2in}$$\Psi=\oint_{-
\infty}^{\infty}f_{xy}({\frac{\partialQx}{\partialQy}})^{\Im_{\pi}^\prime}$$\\ }
ToolsUNIXbasedsystems
– xdvi,ghostview,fixps,emacswithlatex/bibtexsupport.
Windows98/NT– Ghostview,AcrobatDistiller,AcrobatReader,ScientificWorkplace(notthebest),theBibtexviewerisgood.PaintShopPro,LatexandEmacs
Conclusions• Latexisoptimalformasterandphdthesis?• Mathematicalformulaeareeasy.• Usebibtexsearchengines• ConsiderconvertingPostscriptfilestoPDF(morewidespreadinWindowsworld)andtoconservespace.
CommonMistakes
• Oftentimes,youmakeamistakewhencreatingadocument.Youwillnoticethelogfilereportingaproblem.
• Therearesomecommonmistakes:– “end”doesn’tfollow“begin”– $doesn’tfollow$– Usingcommandsfrompackageslotdefinedinthepreamble
– Don’tforget“\”s.
OtherResources
• Books– LeslieLampert.1994.LaTeX:ADocumentPreparationSystem.
– HelmutKoptaandPatrickW.Daly.2004.GuidetoLaTex
– FrankMittelbachetal.2004.TheLaTeXCompanion• OnlineGuides
– http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX– http://tobi.oetiker.ch/lshort/lshort.pdf– CVanddissertationtemplatesareavailableonline