Introduction to Linguistics

Wardani D. W, M.PdSTKIP PGRI JOMBANG

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Definition of Linguistic B. History of Linguistics

1. Antiquity (Old English)2. Middle Ages (Middle English)3. Modern Linguistics (Modern

English)

A. Definition of Linguistic

The scientific study of language and its structure

phoneticssyntaxgrammar

Linguistics

B. History of Linguistics

1. Antiquity

(Old English)

• Before 8th century• disambiguate

discourse, • ritual texts or in

arguments,• word meanings are

derived from sentential usage.

B. History of Linguistics

2. Middle Ages (Middle

English)

• 8th – 13th century• terms of expanding

Islam, • ritual texts or in

arguments,• universal grammar.

B. History of Linguistics

3. Modern Linguistics (Modern English)

• 18th century - present• linguistics contains

increasing, • as the recovery of speech

ability,• linguistic principles and

theories of language teaching and learning.

CHAPTER II: The Nature of Language

a phenomenon that one may naturally be tempted to explore it further.

“What is language”?

a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates

Bloch and Trager (1942)

A symbols is sound

ARBITRARY VOCAL SYMBOLS

A symbol is a form

Phonic medium Graphic medium

SPOKEN WRITTEN

CHAPTER II: The Nature of Language

speech is basic and writing is only secondary

Primacy of speech

a composite definition of language

Systematic A Set Of Arbitrary Symbols. Primarily Vocal, But May Also Be Visual. Conventionalized Meanings To Which They

Refer. Used For Communication. Operates In A Speech Community Or Culture. Essentially Human, Although Possibly Not

Limited To Humans. Acquired By All People In Much The Same

Way; Language And Language Learning Both Have Universal Characteristics

Brown, H.D. (2000, p. 5)

CHAPTER III: The Scope of Linguistic

General linguistic

concepts and categories of a particular language

Micro linguistic

Macro linguistic

internal view of language itself

external view of language itself

General linguistic

analyzed theory of the language

Descriptive linguistic

Some fields of micro linguistic

Micro linguistic

Phonetics Phonology

Morphology Syntax

Semantics Pragmatics

Discourse analysis Applied linguistic

Some fields of macro linguistic

Macro linguistic

Stylistics Developmental linguistics Historical or Diachronic

linguistics Language geography Evolutionary linguistics Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Clinical linguistics Neurolinguistics Biolinguistics

CHAPTER IV: Language Acquisition

First language acquisition

learning first language or childhood

basic physical capability of sending and receiving sounds

Second language acquisition

learning native language

the ability to learn more than one language