Introduction to Migration

presented by

Modified by Pamela HammondBrantley Co HS Nahunta, GA

Migration is Global In 2005, 191 million people were

counted as living outside the country of their birth. In 2011, the number was 215 million

The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II

If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world

Why do people migrate?1. Economics

(push/pull factors)2. Politics

(push factors)3. Social Forces

(pull factors)

Economic Causes of Migration

Migration in search of better economic conditions, employment, etc.

Migration to escape overpopulation and its effects

Migration to escape poor climate conditions such as drought, el Niño, etc.

Migration to escape natural disasters

Political Causes of Migration To escape war, invasion, military

takeover, etc. refugees

To escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious, or other grounds Diasporas

To escape prosecution for crimes committed

As punishment for crimes committed Forced migration

As a result of enslavement/human trafficking

Social Causes of Migration

To spread a religion Buddhism, Christianity, Islam Missionaries (Jesuits during Age of Exploration)

To reunite with family, friends, etc. who have previously migrated

To spread a political philosophy, such as Marxism, democracy, etc.

To find personal freedom, to live a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs, not necessarily as the result of persecution

Pilgrims on the Mayflower

What are the effects of migration?

1. Effects on the immigrants2. Effects on the host country3. Effects on the home country

Effects on the Immigrants Issues of identity Issues of adaptation and assimilation Differing cultural values between

generations

Effects on the Host Country

Economic impacts positive and negative real and perceived

Welfare issues Social attitudes

Effects on the Home Country

Remittances Money sent home by workers

Loss of revenue Money made outside of the country is not subject to taxes

Families left behind Families left without both parents Traditional societies threatened

“Brain drain” Young people educated elsewhere but do not return home,

stay in host country where the money is better As many of them study abroad on state-sponsored

scholarships, this is an investment in human development not returned.

Population decrease

Multi-National Issues “Open border” policies

European Union has a free-border policy Immigration policies

USA restricts number of immigrants allowed in each year

Every so often, a U.S. administration official suggests amnesty for illegal immigrants in the U.S…

Security issues Especially important since 9/11

Out of Africa: Earliest Human Migration

Now let’s think about migration As you view the following maps think

about Why did the migration take place? What effect did the did the migration

have on the home region? On the host region?

Can you connect the migration to major events in history?

Migrations to the Americas

Indo-European Migrations (4000 BCE -1000 BCE)

Bantu Migrations (c.500 BCE-1000 CE)

Jewish Diaspora

Hun Empire threatens Europe and Asia (4th-6th centuries)

• Huns help weaken the Roman Empire under Attila• White Huns invade India during the Gupta Empire• Huns (Xiongnu) invade Han Dynasty (Mulan)

The Spread of Islam (630-1700)

Viking Migrations (9th -11th centuries)

The Mongol Invasions (13th-15th centuries)

Forced Migration

Forced Migration

The Trail of Tears, 1838

World Migration Routes Since 1700

EuropeanAfrican (slaves)IndianChineseJapanese

Majority of population descended from immigrants

Migration due to religious persecution

Current Migrations

Warm UP

Which migration had the most significant impact? Why?