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Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its...

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Introduction to Pathology
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Page 1: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Introduction to

Pathology

Page 2: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

What is pathology

Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its

broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs

and tissues of a healthy body change to those of

sick person.

Page 3: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 4: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 5: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

The four aspects of a disease process that

form the core of pathology

●Etiology

● Pathogenesis

● Pathological change

● Clinical pathological correlation and Prognosis

The scope of pathology

Page 6: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Etiology: causes of the disease

Pathogenesis: the mechanisms of its development

Pathologic changes: the structural alteration

induced in the cells and organs of the body.

Clinical pathological correlation and Prognosis :

the Clinical effects of the pathological changes.

Page 7: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Position

(1) Pathology is a bridging between basic science

and clinical medicine

(2) Pathology is also a practical clinic medicine

( Diagnostic Pathology or Surgical Pathology)

Page 8: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Classification

(1) Human pathology The principal aim of human pathology considers structural abnormalities of cells and tissues grossly and microscopically examined from patient’s tissues (2) Experimental pathologyExperimental pathology researches cellular processes incorporate animal experiment and tissue and cell cultures

Page 9: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

1. Human pathology

(1) Autopsy (means

“see for yourself”)

Autopsy is a special

operation , performed

by specially trained

physician, on a dead

body

Page 10: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

The functions of Autopsy

● Clarify the causes of death

● Diagnosis and treatment quality control

● Recognizing of negligence

● Recognition of new diseases and new diseases patterns

● Source of information

● Provide material for education

● material for scientific research

● Recognition of treatment effectiveness

Page 11: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Biopsy is the removal of a sample of tissue from the body for examination and the tissue will be examined under a microscope to assist in diagnosis

(2) Biopsy

Page 12: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

(3) Cytology

Cytology is responsible for preparation, staining and microscopic examination. (smear, fine needle aspiration)

Page 13: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

2. Experimental pathology

(1) Animal experiment: Animal experiment is a pathological method using animal model to study diseases within the body.

Page 14: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 15: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

(2) Tissue and cell culture

Tissue and cell culture is that the tissue or cell

sample from a human or animal is obtained and

maintained in vitro for experimental, diagnostic

or therapeutic purposes

Page 16: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 17: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 18: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 19: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Basic examination methods

(1) Gross appearanceThe morphological feature of a lesion (such as size, shape, weight, color, consistency, surface edge, section) is observed by eyes or assisted by using a ruler, steelyard, magnifying glass, or other tools.

Page 20: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Lung cancer

Page 21: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

(2) Histologic and cytologic observation

The specimens from patients are prepared as a

section or smear, then stained and examined by

using microcopy

Page 22: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

cytologic observationHistologic observation

most common: basic formalin fixed → HE

(hematoxylin and eosin) stained

Page 23: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

( 3 ) Histochemistry and cytochemistry

Histochemistry and cytochemistry is also

called special stain method. Some tissue

structures and substances (protein, enzyme,

nucleic acid, glycogen, lipid) are colored when

a chemical group ( carboxyl, phosphoric, or

aldehyde) reacts with the stain

Page 24: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

PAS (glycogen) →BM Sudan Ⅲ →fat

Page 25: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Immunohistochemistry

● Ag-Ab specific reaction

● Applications

Location analysis ( cytokeratin→cell membrane)

Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing (diagnosis of tumor histogenesis)

(4) others

Page 26: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Leiomyosarcoma Actin (+)

Page 27: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Electron microscope

Page 28: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Filtering membraneTEM (transmitting electron microscope)

Page 29: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Podocyte SEM (scanning electron microscope)

Page 30: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Flow cytometry (FCM)

Page 31: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

● One kind of cells→quantitative analysis

● DNA ploidy analysis

● Protein and nucleus acid → quantitative

analysis

● Selection of collection of cells

application

Page 32: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.
Page 33: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Nuclei: diameter; circumference; area;volume; morphology

Image analysis (IA)

Page 34: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM)

aliving cell

observation in

situ or

development

or quantitative

Page 35: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Molecular biology technique

● Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

● DNA sequencing

● Biochip technique

Gene chip (DNA chip)

Protein chip (protein microarray)

Tissue chip (tissue microarray)

Page 36: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Page 37: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

History of Pathology

Autopsy → Organ pathology (1761)

LM → Cellular pathology (1854)

Ultrastructural pathology with the application of

EM (20 century 60s)

Immunopathology, Molecular pathology,

Genetic pathology, Quantitative pathology

Page 38: Introduction to Pathology. What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease. In its broadest sense, it is the study of how the organs and.

Text of Pathology

(1) General pathology:

concerned with the basic reaction of

cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli

that underlie all diseases.

(2) Systemic pathology :

dedcribe the specific responses of specialized

organs and tissues to defined stimuli.


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