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BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering

Course:

Introduction To Petroleum Engineering

Instructor

Dr. Tarek Darwich

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Course Outlines: What is Petroleum Engineering?

The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects,

Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum,

Oil & Gas Exploration,

Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas,

The Petroleum Industry & the Environment,

Petroleum Economics.

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Well Cementing

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Well Cementing

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Cementing

Primary cementing cost about 5% of the total well cost.

About 15% of primary cement jobs require further squeezing job.

The total cost of cementing, if squeezing is required, is about 17% of well

cost.

Typical number of squeezes required to fix problems in primary cement job is3.

Complete the isolation step that started with casing

Pressure isolation

Pipe support and protection from external corrosion

Leakoff control preventing crossflow

Water influx control

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Cement Circulation

Path: down the casing and up the annulus

Concerns:

Cement density and formation pressure

Cement bond between pipe and formation

Cement pump time Ability to place the cement over the whole column (fluid loss control, correct

volumes, pumpability)

Cement strength development

The quality and longevity of the seal

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Equivalent Circulation Density

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How Far is Cement Brought up the Annulus

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Cement Integrity

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Cement Integrity

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Cement Integrity of the shoe is the drillers main concern

Cement integrity concern includes pressure, water and exterior corrosionisolation.

The height of good cement bonding is a primary failure cause in wellfailure.

After cementing, the well is drilled ahead for a few feet and a shoe-test isdone to simulate the highest mud available.

If the shore breaks down, it must be squeezed until it passes.

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Cement and Additives

Pure cement (without additives)is a manufactured product withspecific grain size and properties

The slurry properties for the well

are made to order byincorporating a range ofadditives into the mixed slurrythat affect:

Pump time

Fluid loss control

Stability to thermal conditions

Gas migration

.

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Cement Grades

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Cement Slurry

The final slurry design has a certainslurry density between 11 and 18 ppg.

More water can be added but thewater will separate as it sets resulting

in channels or weak cement.

Fluid density balance is used to getslurry density.

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Impact of Pressure and Temperature on cementing

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Modifying the set time of a slurry

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Cementing Design Problems to be addressed

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